CSET Subtest 3 / Questions & Answers / Solved Classical Foundations of America ✔️Ans - Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment -Philosophers such as Renee Descartes, Voltaire , Francis Bacon (Empiricism) More Direct contributors to American Ideals Rousseau -social contract, giving up some rights therefore gov't gets their right to rule from the people Locke-life liberty and property Montesquieu-3 branches of government John Locke ✔️Ans - Father of Liberalism Liberalsim ✔️Ans - Promotes equality and equal opportunity to make political, social and economic decisions Democracy ✔️Ans - advocating the rights of the individual to make decisions as part of a collective act
Ex: Athens (didn't promote liberalism, only men participated)
Capitalism ✔️Ans - right of the individual to hold private property and gain profit Republicanism ✔️Ans - the system of electing a government through means other than hereditary rights IE elections Historical events leading to individual rights movment ✔️Ans - Reformation-especially the concept of translating the bible so that everyone can interpret for themselves Enlightenment-insists on self evaluation, observation and freedom of action for man separate from "divine will" -God was no long the omnipotent creator, man had control and could contribute to his destiny Individual Right Ideals ✔️Ans - Individuals should act for themselves 1 / 3
-gov't should not restrict the rights of a person to seek and pursue freedom, liberty and happiness -clear laws should be set to protect the individuals from arbitrary rulings and restriction Great example of this: John Peter Zinger: Individual Rights in the Economy ✔️Ans - Right to an acceptable
standard of living:
-comes from feudalism system -movement should be allowed, seek such standards -private property -participate in private enterprises Adam Smith ✔️Ans - Wrote Wealth of Nations -An Individual, by pursuing his own interest, promotes the interests of society -free market competition (causes healthy competition, better products and lower prices for consumers) -against excessive wealth build up by "businessmen" and warned against the formation of monopolies -improve products, don't only put money into the business Responsibility of government ✔️Ans - To rule over the people with their consent, while protecting their rights Liberal and Republican Principles of Gov't responsibilty ✔️Ans - Gov't rules through the consesus of the people protect and promote the rights and freedoms of the people gov't has no right to limit human freedom in order to preserve itself English Common Law ✔️Ans - Formed through cases and rulings by judges; not legislative bodies and action adopted by American colonies as basis of their laws; codification by legislatures rendered many as civil laws Patriot Act ✔️Ans - Gov't inhibits our freedoms due a threat 2 / 3
Citizenship and Resonsibilities ✔️Ans - Responsibility to abide by state law Mechanism through devising new laws and changing old one -chain of command type idea -legislature-people participate in voting/forming laws -courts-bring cases, testify, jury duty, etc Participation as an aspect of Liberal Republican government ✔️Ans - essential voting, abiding by laws, protecting laws through sitting on jurys etc Rights of citizenship ✔️Ans - Automatic upon birth in the US or certain territories belonging to US Naturalization-testing etc.Of course 10 amendments Specific Rights ✔️Ans - Expression Prompt, fair trial by jury Vote in public officials Apply for federal employment Run for elected office Responsibilities ✔️Ans - Support and defend const Participate in demo. process Respect and obey federal state and local laws Respect rights, beliefs and opinions of others Participate in local community Freedom to pursue life,liberty and property Pay income and other taxes honestly and on time
- / 3