Davita Final Exam Study Guide Latest

Davita Final Exam (Study Guide) Latest 200 Questions and Answers 100% Verified Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane - Correct Answer Ultrafiltration Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the semipermeable membrane.*kidneys remove waste this way* - Correct Answer Convection Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from *high* to *low* concentration - Correct Answer Diffusion Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration - Correct Answer Osmosis 1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration) 2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion) 3) Acid/Base balance - Correct Answer Kidneys excretory functions 1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system) 2) Erythropoiesis 3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation - Correct Answer Kidneys endocrine functions Function of Bicarbonate - Correct Answer Maintains acid-base balance and help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body How do we replace *excretory* functions? - Correct Answer Hemodialysis removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes electrolytes and metabolic acidosis Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron, Antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D, Calcimetric agents - Correct Answer How we replace *endocrine* functions?1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema 2) Hypertension 3) Chronic Heart Failure 4) Shortness of breath 5) Headaches - Correct Answer Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance Hypertension leads to - Correct Answer Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) Why is sodium balance important? - Correct Answer Sodium holds onto water, thirst and blood pressure control 1 / 3

1) Extreme muscle weakness 2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady) 3) Wide QRS 4) Cardia arrest - Correct Answer Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia

• Fatigue
• Muscle weakness
• Respiratory failure
• Irritable heart muscle
• Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
• Cardia arrest - Correct Answer Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia

Lack of Erythropoeitin - Correct Answer Primary cause of anemia Secondary Cause of anemia? - Correct Answer blood loss 1) Heparin lines are clamped 2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose 3) Proper priming - Correct Answer How to prevent blood loss What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain? - Correct Answer Pericarditis 1) Lower heparin 2) More dialysis 3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds* - Correct Answer Treatment of Pericarditis Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy relievers), pat not rub skin dry and checking phosphorus levels - Correct Answer If patient is complaining of dry, itchy skin What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy (nerve pain)? - Correct Answer Check water temperature, wear good shoes, no barefeet, and observe/inspect feet 1) Calcium 2) Phosphorus 3) PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) 4) Calcium/Vitamin D - Correct Answer Four key elements affected in CKD-MBD What is AKI? - Correct Answer Acute Renal Injury (Failure), Kidneys can't filter waste from blood on their own.1) Blood loss (Hemorrhaging) 2) Blood clots 2 / 3

3) Burns *Not getting blood flow to kidneys* - Correct Answer Examples of Pre- renal causes of AKI 1) Medications 2) Dyes

• Not getting blood inside the kidneys* - Correct Answer Examples of Intra- renal causes

of AKI

• Kidney stones
• Neurogenic bladder
• Vesicoureteral reflux (reflux from bladder > ureter)

*Blockage to kidneys* - Correct Answer Examples of Post-renal causes of AKI 1) Removing blockages 2) Managing blood loss 3) Dialysis till kidneys functions - Correct Answer How to help in restoring kidney function How do you protect kidneys from further injury? - Correct Answer Keeping a patient more "wet" than dry stimulates the kidneys to keep working and make urine. Be aware of dyes What is important when monitoring weight and BP? - Correct Answer Hypovolemia and hypotension episodes can cause renal/schiema and further damage to kidneys AKI patients are risk of ? - Correct Answer Kidney infections 1) Risk at infections 2) Access may not run well - Correct Answer Things to consider with vascular access (CVC) Difference between AKI & CKD - Correct Answer Acute: some urine production/kidney function ( Temporary

Chronic: no urine & kidney function (permeant)

1) Immunocompromised because of kidney failure 2) Technicians going from patient to patient - Correct Answer Are what makes dialysis patients more susceptible to HAIs (Healthcare Associated Infections) 1) Prolonged access to patient's blood during hemodialysis 2) Bacterial infections especially w/ CVC's - Correct Answer Reasons why dialysis patients have an increase risk for acquiring a HAI at the facility What is the difference between OSHA and CMS infection control requirements? - Correct Answer OSHA (employers providing a safe workplace)

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