EDF 6223
Definition of Imitation - correct answer•A model stimulus is presented in an effort to evoke the imitative behavior •The imitative behavior follows immediately •The model and behavior must have formal similarity •The model must serve as a controlling variable for the imitative behavior (SD) Types of Models - correct answer•Planned models -Pre-arranged antecedent stimuli that help learners acquire new skills -Shows the learner exactly what to do •Unplanned models -Occur in everyday social interactions Formal Similarity - correct answer•The model and the behavior physically resemble each other Immediacy - correct answer•The temporal relation between the model and the occurrence of the imitative behavior is very important •Imitation may also occur at later times and in the context of everyday life situations -However, when this occurs in the absence of a model, it is not imitation The discriminative features of the environment are different in this context (i.e., the model is not controlling the behavior Controlled Relation - correct answer•The controlling relation between the model and the imitative behavior is paramount •This is best evidenced when the model is novel and it still evokes an imitative response -After this first occurrence, the new behavior has a history of reinforcement -Becomes a discriminated operant 1 / 2
Imitation Training - correct answer•Some children with disabilities require instruction in order to learn to imitate
•Objective: to teach children to "do what the model does"
-Generalize a rule to imitate models -Also known as generalized imitation Steps to Imitation Training(Striefel, 1974) - correct answer•Assess and teach any prerequisite skills for imitation training •Select models for training •Pretest •Sequence models for training •Perform imitation training Assessing/Teaching Prerequisite Skills - correct answer•Prerequisite skills needed: -Attending (staying seated, keeping hands in lap, looking at teacher when name is called, looking at objects when prompted by teacher) -Problem behaviors that may interfere with training may need to be decreased Selecting Models for Training - correct answer•Begin with selecting about 25 •Include gross and fine motor examples -Movement of body parts -Manipulation of physical objects •Use only one at a time (don't sequence them--save sequences for later) Pretesting - correct answer•Purpose: to determine if individual already imitates some models
•Procedures:
-Get learner in "ready" position -If object to be used, place it in front of individual -Say learner's name, and then "do this" -Present the model
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