Nutrition Moraine Valley Community College
RDAs- (Recommended Dietary allowance) - ANSWER-higher than EARs b/c calculated to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals in ea gender and life-stage group.
GRAS list (Generally recognized as safe) - ANSWER-Any substance that is intentionally added to food is a food additive without harmful effects
Protein Complementation - ANSWER-The combining of plant foods to make a complete protein of amino acids to meet body's needs. Improves protein quality as a whole.
Dietary Guidelines - ANSWER-states less than 30% of total calories come from fat -less than 10% saturated -greater than 10% monounsaturated -rest should be polyunsaturated
Functions of CHO - ANSWER-made of C, H, O (55% of cal or more should come from CHO) *energy- main source for body, most efficient source *bulk- helps intestinal transit time (peristalis), water insoluble fibers add bulk.*carbon backbone of CHO best utilized by body for creating other components.
Functions of Protein - ANSWER-also made of C,H,O plus Nitrogen (< 30% of diet should come from fat)
*Provides structure (ie: teeth, hair, nails, muscles)
*Regulates body processes (enzymes, hormones, transport proteins, antibodies, water/electrolyte balance, acid/base balance) *energy
Functions of Lipid - ANSWER-made of C,H,O and fatty acids
*energy-concentration energy: stored energy (triglyceride)
*insulation *absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and provide essential fatty acids.*Help regulate body processes
Lipids - ANSWER-essential fatty acids
linoleic acid - ANSWER-Omega 6 Lipid
α linolenic acid - ANSWER-Omega 3 1 / 2
Lipid
Protein - ANSWER-20 found in this, 9 are essential *Histidine, ioleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
Protein - ANSWER-If diet is deficient in one or more of these, new proteins containing them cannot be made without breaking down other body proteins to provide them.
CHO - ANSWER-complex carbohydrates; oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (glycogen and fiber).
CHO - ANSWER-provides- 4cal/gram (most efficient energy source)
Grams fiber/day - ANSWER-*Adults should be consuming 25-35 g fiber/day *Fiber comes from plants (not meat or fat) Child age plus 5
Protein - ANSWER-provides- 4cal/gram
Lipid - ANSWER-provides 9cal/gram
Essential nutrients to humans life - ANSWER-45, we can't make it has to be part of your diet
Biological Value - ANSWER-In proteins, measure of how well amino acids in the food you eat is utilized to make new proteins in your body.
Eggs - ANSWER-(100) the highest value no units of protein
Complete Protein - ANSWER-Animal Food
Incomplete protein - ANSWER-Plant food
Dietary Reference Intakes - ANSWER-Age and gender specific, good hard science.*A number used for planning and accessing diets in the U.S. and Canada.Includes four sets of nutrient intake references.Ie: how much calcium you need: shifted from deficiency disease, nutrient based reference values, focuses on chronic disease.
ERAs- (estimated average requirements) - ANSWER-amounts of nutrients estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a particular gender and life-stage group.
AIs- (adequate intakes) - ANSWER-estimated nutrient needs based on average intakes by healthy population when insufficient scientific evidence to calculate an EAR and RDA
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