1 .drugs that produce a responseagonist 2 .drugs that prevent or block a re- sponse antagonist 3 .What is the therapuetic window?level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plas-ma for obtaining desired drug re-sponse and the minimal toxic con-centration 4 .What is half life?The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is 5 .If a drug has a long half life, how often should it be taken?once per day 6 .What is a patient on two highly pro- tein bound drugs at risk for?accumulation and toxicity 7 .What is tolerance?a decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy, which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect 8 .What makes drugs fit into the same "Class" - related by chemical structure -work in the same way-used for the same purpose 9 .Before administering beta blockers, you should check what two vital signs?Heart rate Blood pressure 10 .Who would you not give a beta block- er to? Why?Asthmatic; bronchospasm 11 .What kind of drug is metoclopramide (Reglan) cholinergic
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PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 Rasmussen 1 / 3
12 .Cholinergics do what to the body?
(SLUD)
Salivation LacrimationUrinationDefecation 13 .Anticholinergics do what to the bodyCan't see, Can't spit, Can't pee, Can't shit 14 .Symptoms of cholinergic crisisFlushing, Sweating, Nausea, Ab- dominal cramps 15 .What drug would you give to treat cholinergic crisis?atropine 16 .Anticholinergics are contraindicated in which clients?- coronary artery disease (Increase heart rate)-GI obstruction (constipates)-supraventricular tachycardia (in-creased heart rate) 17 .CNS stimulants are contraindicated in which clients?- coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)-Hypertension (additive hyperten-sion=stroke) 18 .Most common side effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) - irritability -insomnia-weight loss-decreased appetite 19 .Signs of hemorrhagic stroke -increased B/P -increased heart rate-increased respiratory rate-unresponsive to deep pain 20 .Benzodiazepines increase the activi- ty of which neurotransmitter GABA 21 .Reversal agent of benzodiazepinesFlumazenil
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22 .zolpidem (Ambien) side effects-sedative/hypnotic (nonbenzodi- azepine)-suicidal ideation-dependence-abnormal behavior 23 .What is the drug of choice for treating status epilepticus diazepam 24 .phenytoin (Dilantin) side effectsGINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA -treat seizures-cause high blood sugar-cause birth defects-decrease effectiveness of antico-agulants 25 .When a client is on phenytoin (Dilan- tin) what are some nursing interven-tions - monitor for narrow therapeutic in- dex (frequent blood test)-take as prescribed-oral care-teach pt to use barrier contracep-tives along with oral 26 .What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin (Dilantin) 10-20 ug/mL 27 .What does valproic acid (Depakote) treat?seizures, mania associated with bipolar, migraines 28 .Side effects of valproic acid (De- pakote) Can cause hepatotoxicity 29 .What is valproic acid (Depakote)'s therapeutic range
50-125
ug/mL 30 .Patient education valproic acid (De- pakote) Must have liver enzymes and blood levels checked regularly 31 .Benzodiazepines can lead to what?
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