ECGs Made Easy 5th Edition Aehlert

ECGs Made Easy 5th Edition Aehlert Test Bank

Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology

Test Bank

TRUE/FALSE

• Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.

ANS: F

Beta receptor sites are divided into beta1 and beta2. Beta1 receptors are found in the heart and kidneys. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in the heart results in increased heart rate, contractility, and ultimately irritability of cardiac cells. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in the kidneys results in the release of renin into the blood. Renin promotes the production of angiotensin, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites in the smooth muscle of the bronchi results in dilation.

OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

• Blood pressure is the result of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.

ANS: T

Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the circulating blood volume on the walls of the arteries.Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance to the flow of blood determined by blood vessel diameter and the tone of the vascular musculature.

OBJ: Identify and explain the

N coU m R poS n I enN ts G oT f b B lo .od C pO re M ssure and cardiac output.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• The apex of the heart is formed by the .
• tip of the left ventricle
• tip of the right atrium
• right atrium and right ventricle
• left atrium and left ventricle

ANS: A

The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just above the diaphragm, between the fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.

OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.

• The left atrium receives blood from the .
• pulmonary veins
• aorta
• pulmonary arteries
• inferior vena cava

ANS: A 1 / 4

U S N T O

The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins.

OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.

• The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the .
• left atrium
• right atrium
• left ventricle
• right ventricle

ANS: D

The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is formed by portions of the right atrium and the left and right ventricles. However, because the heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the chest, the right ventricle is the area of the heart that lies most directly behind the sternum.

OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.

• Blood pressure is determined by multiplied by .
• stroke volume; heart rate
• heart rate; cardiac output
• cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
• stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance

ANS: C

Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance.

OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.

• The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the _ , from

the remainder of the body via the , and from the heart via the .

• coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
• superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava
• inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus
• superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus

ANS: D

The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, which carries blood from the head and upper extremities; the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from the lower body; and the coronary sinus, which is the largest vein that drains the heart.

OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.

• The heart is divided into chambers but functions as a -sided pump.
• two; four
• three; two
• four; two
• four; three

ANS: C 2 / 4

The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.

OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.

• Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in .
• increased heart rate
• peripheral vasoconstriction
• constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
• increased force of myocardial contraction

ANS: B

Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs.Stimulation of alpha1 receptor sites results in constriction.

OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

• Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
• Left
• Right

ANS: B

The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs to the left side of the heart. This is called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the heart is a low-pressure systemN.OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.

• Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic

circulation?

• Left
• Right

ANS: A

The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. Its wall is much thicker than the right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick).This is because the left ventricle must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the arteries and contract forcefully in order to pump blood out to the body.

OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.

• The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular

muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the .

• epicardium
• pericardium
• myocardium
• endocardium 3 / 4

ANS: C

The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle fibers (cells) responsible for the pumping action of the heart.

OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.

• Blood flows from the right atrium through the valve into the right ventricle.
• mitral
• aortic
• pulmonic
• tricuspid

ANS: D

Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the systemic circulation.

• Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the

and valves open.

• pulmonic; aortic
• tricuspid; mitral
• pulmonic; mitral
• tricuspid; aortic

ANS: A

When the ventricles contract, the pulmonic and aortic valves open, allowing blood to flow out of the ventricles.

OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.

• The base of the heart is found at approximately the level of the rib(s).
• first
• second
• fourth
• fifth and sixth

ANS: B

The base of the heart is its upper portion and is formed mainly by the left atrium, with a small amount of right atrium. It lies at approximately the level of the second rib, immediately in front of the esophagus and descending aorta.

OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.

• Which of the following are semilunar valves?
• Aortic and pulmonic
• Aortic and tricuspid
• Pulmonic and mitral
• Tricuspid and mitral

ANS: A

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