EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
(100% CORRECT)
Question: Where did human application for operant
conditioning derive from?
- Physical therapy groups
- Mental health treatment groups
- Educational institutions
- Community service organizations
Correct answer: B) Mental health treatment groups
Question: Why does therapy work?
- Financial incentives
- Social reinforcement
- Physical exercise
- Medication compliance
Correct answer: B) Social reinforcement
Question: What are traditional viewpoints to serving the
mentally ill?
Correct answer: Tradition viewpoints to serving the
mentally ill often involve mentalistic, unobservable explanations of unobservable causes (such as malfunctions of the body) that are only inferred by observable behavior. In other words, mental illnesses are caused by something inside the person - an underlying
pathology much like we consider with other medical conditions caused by bacteria or virus. From the viewpoint of behavior analysis, of course, the root cause is the interaction with the environment.
Question: What is the best explanation for why therapy
works sometimes?
Correct answer: The best explanation to why therapy
works sometimes is we all want positive reinforcement.
Question: What facilitates clinical work related to
behavior problems in institutional settings?
Correct answer: A lot of clinical work related to
behavior problems that take place in institutional settings are facilitated mostly for the benefit of staff and are unaware of the overuse of coercive measures.
Question: Why does reform in institutions tend to fail?
Correct answer: Reform in institutions tends to fail
because interventions typically rely on physical facilities and administrative procedures. Misuse of reinforcement tends to utilize socially contrived time-out. This intervention is essentially a time-out procedure and has been a widely accepted form of attempted punishment because it instills no pain; however, as Sidman
eloquently stated, "The cruelty lies less in the method than in outcome", (p. 259).
Question: What should contrived deprivation not be
confused with?
Correct answer: Contrived deprivation should not be
confused with natural states of deprivation. For example, when working with a person on skill acquisition in which food is a strong reinforcer, we would be careful to schedule training times long after a meal or shortly before a scheduled meal. In this example, we are not contriving hunger - it is a natural occurrence.
Question: Why is there a high chance of repeat offenses
after arrest and jail time?
Correct answer: Once arrested and put in jail, the
chances for repeat offense is great because, as discussed, our "rehabilitative" institutions do not rehabilitate. In other words, appropriate behaviors are not shaped, as coercive measures do not provide reinforcement of adaptable skills.
Question: What did Smith, Visher, and Davidson (1984)
assert about policing, and how does it relate to Zimbardo’s findings?
Correct answer: Smith, Visher, and Davidson (1984)
asserted that policing requires discretionary implementation of the law. The authors continued that execution has been a provocative topic since its inception (far older than the concept of race). The stature of power that one in uniform exerts over a citizen is a stimulus that confounds the relationship between citizen and officer. As Zimbardo (2007) elaborated (regarding his famous Stanford prison experiments in 1971), "good" people can become agents of evil and innocent bystanders can succumb to a victim status rather quickly.Examples such as the Stanford prison experiments support the coercive nature that exists when one group of people exert power over others.
Question: What is a common theme among community
policing?
Correct answer: A common theme among community
policing is that they are not relying on coercive control - they are using tactics that shape appropriate behaviors and build "trust" by pairing pleasant actions with police officers. In short, this is the philosophy of behaviorism.Community demographics do not need to determine the level of crime. For example, in Camden, NJ, 40% of residents live below the poverty line and unemployment