Emergency Management Study Guide Final Test Review Questions with Complete Solutions Emergency Management - Correct Answers The managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to threats/hazards and cope with disasters.Comprehensive - Correct Answers Emergency managers consider and take into account all threats/hazards, all phases, all stakeholders, and all impacts relevant to disasters Progressive - Correct Answers Emergency managers anticipate future disasters and take protective, preventive, and preparatory measures to build disaster-resistant and disaster-resilient communities.Risk-Driven - Correct Answers Emergency managers use sound risk management principles (threat/hazard identification, risk analysis, and impact analysis) in assigning priorities and resources.Integrated - Correct Answers Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community.Collaborative - Correct Answers Emergency managers create and sustain broad and sincere relationships among individuals and organizations to encourage trust, advocate a team atmosphere, build consensus, and facilitate communication.Coordinated - Correct Answers Emergency managers synchronize the activities of all relevant stakeholders to achieve a common purpose.Flexible - Correct Answers Emergency managers use creative and innovative approaches in solving disaster challenges.Professional - Correct Answers Emergency managers value a science- and knowledge-based approach based on education, training, experience, ethical practice, public stewardship, and continuous improvement.Congressional Act of 1803 - Correct Answers Was the earliest effort to provide disaster relief on a Federal level after a fire devastated a New Hampshire town. 1 / 4
From that point forward, assorted legislation provided disaster support. Between 1803 and 1950, the Federal Government intervened in approximately 100 incidents (earthquakes, fires, floods, and tornadoes).Defense Production Act of 1950 - Correct Answers Was the first comprehensive legislation pertaining to Federal disaster relief.The Disaster Relief Act of 1950 gave the President authority to issue disaster declarations that allowed Federal agencies to provide direct assistance to State and local governments.The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 created a nationwide system of civil defense agencies, and defense drills became routine in schools, government agencies, and other organizations.Executive Order 10427 - Correct Answers In 1952, President Truman issued Executive Order 10427, which emphasized that Federal disaster assistance was intended to supplement, not supplant, the resources of State, local, and private-sector organizations. This role is still the same today Executive Order 12127 - Correct Answers President Carter's 1979 Executive Order 12127 merged many of separate disaster-related responsibilities into a new Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
FEMA was created to:
- Coordinate Federal emergency authorities, including the administration of disaster response and
- Assume the role of the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration and assume responsibilities from
recovery programs.
the Federal Preparedness Agency, the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, the Federal Insurance Administration, the Office of Emergency Preparedness, and the U.S. Fire Administration.FEMA is headquartered in Washington, DC, with 10 regional offices that help plan, coordinate, and manage disaster assistance activities, including disaster operations, disaster assistance, mitigation, and preparedness.Other activities include providing emergency food and shelter funding for those left homeless, and planning to ensure the continuity of the Federal Government during national security emergencies.The Stafford Act - Correct Answers Today, the centerpiece legislation for providing Federal aid for emergency and disaster relief is the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
(Public Law 100-707). The Stafford Act:
Provides a system of emergency preparedness for the protection of life and property from hazards. 2 / 4
Vests responsibility for emergency preparedness jointly in the Federal Government, State and tribal governments, and their political subdivisions.Gives FEMA responsibility for coordinating Federal Government response.
Under the Stafford Act, assistance is limited to:
Natural catastrophes (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, Regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion.The Stafford Act is designed to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, tribes, local governments, and disaster relief organizations.Under the Stafford Act, the President can designate an incident as either an "emergency" or a "major disaster." Both authorize the Federal Government to provide essential assistance to meet immediate threats to life and property, as well as additional disaster relief assistance.Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 - Correct Answers The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (PKEMRA) provided important provisions, including the key principle that after a major disaster or emergency declaration accelerated Federal assistance could be sent by FEMA, in the absence of a specific request by a State, to save lives and prevent
suffering. Among its important provisions, PKEMRA:
Requires the development of pre-scripted mission assignments as part of the planning efforts for Emergency Support Function (ESF) response efforts.Transfers to FEMA various preparedness functions formerly contained within Department of Homeland Security (DHS).Employs the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the National Response Framework (NRF) as the framework for emergency response and domestic incident management.Requires the development of comprehensive plans to respond to catastrophic incidents to include clear standardization, guidance, and assistance to ensure common terminology, approach, and framework for all strategic and operational planning.Directs the development of a National Disaster Recovery Strategy and National Disaster Housing Strategy.Amends the Stafford Act to direct FEMA to appoint a Disability Coordinator to ensure that the needs of individuals with disabilities are addressed in emergency preparedness and disaster relief.Requires an annual report to Congress on all Federal planning and preparedness efforts.Adds protection for household pets and service animals.Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 - Correct Answers The Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2) authorizes several significant changes to the way FEMA may deliver disaster assistance under a variety of programs. Key changes relate to the following: 3 / 4
Public Assistance:Authorizing alternative procedures for the Public Assistance (PA) Program.Reviewing and evaluating the Public Assistance small project threshold.Establishing a nationwide dispute resolution pilot program for Public Assistance projects.
Hazard Mitigation: Streamlining the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP).
Disaster Cost Reduction: Developing a national strategy to reduce costs on future disasters.Individual Assistance:Revising the factors considered when evaluating the need for the Individual Assistance Program in a major disaster or emergency.Authorizing the lease and repair of rental units for use as direct temporary housing.Unified Federal Review: Establishing a unified and expedited interagency environmental and historic preservation process for disaster recovery projects.Essential Assistance: Authorizing changes in the way certain government employees are reimbursed for performing emergency protective measures.Tribal Requests for a Major Disaster or Emergency Declaration: Amending the Stafford Act to allow the Chief Executive of a federally recognized Indian tribe to make a direct request to the President for a major disaster or emergency declaration. Tribes may elect to receive assistance under a State's declaration, provided that the President does not make a declaration for the tribe for the same incident. The Act also:Authorizes the President to establish criteria to adjust the non-federal cost share for an Indian tribal government consistent to the extent allowed by current authorities.Requires FEMA to consider the unique circumstances of tribes when it develops regulations to i Emergency - Correct Answers Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the President, Federal assistance is needed to supplement State, tribal, and local efforts and capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. A variety of incidents may qualify as emergencies.The Federal assistance available for emergencies is more limited than that which is available for a major disaster.Major Disaster - Correct Answers Any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any part of the United States, which in the determination of the President causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under this chapter to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, tribal governments, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby.Major disasters may be caused by such natural events as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes.Disasters may include fires, floods, or explosions that the President feels are of sufficient magnitude to warrant Federal assistance. Although the types of incidents that may qualify as a major disaster are limited, the Federal assistance available for major disasters is broader than that available for emergencies.
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