EMT MIDTERM EXAM - heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed...

EMT MIDTERM EXAM

• You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous

heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While

your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:

• ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg as aspirin dilates the

blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure.

• confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin,

and document the time and dose given.

• assist the patient in taking only his nitroglycerin. Aspirin should not be given in conjunction

with nitroglycerin.

• contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and vital signs,

and request permission to give him aspirin. - B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

• Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
• Decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels
• Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
• Increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production
• Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels - B.

Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

• How does respiration differ from ventilation?
• Respiration occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, whereas

ventilation occurs when those same muscles relax.

• Respiration occurs when oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body, whereas ventilation

occurs when carbon dioxide is removed.

• Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air

between the lungs and the environment.

• Ventilation occurs when air is forced into the lungs, whereas respiration occurs when air is

drawn or sucked into the lungs. - C. Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

• During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least

________ times.

• 2
• 6
• 4

D. 3 - A. 2

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• Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the

body?

• Pituitary
• Parathyroid
• Thyroid
• Adrenal - A. Pituitary

6. Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

• suspension.
• elixir.
• gel.
• solution. - A. suspension.

• In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST

appropriate method of opening the airway?

• A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma
• A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed
• A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree
• A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet - B. A 37-year-old female who is

found unconscious in her bed

• A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs

and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition

has not improved. You should:

• consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack.
• request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.
• provide only supportive care en route to the hospital.
• repeat the epinephrine injection with the appropriate medical control. - D. repeat the

epinephrine injection with the appropriate medical control.

9. An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

• the infant's total blood volume decreases with age.
• his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age.
• as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate.
• blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. - D. blood pressure directly

corresponds to body weight.

• A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious

and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 26 breaths/min and

regular. You should:

• insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases.
• assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
• administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. 2 / 3

• perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment. - C. administer oxygen via a

nonrebreathing mask.

• You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You

explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. Which type of consent is her agreement considered?

• Minor's
• Informed
• Implied
• Expressed - D. Expressed

12. Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:

• dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream.
• the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases.
• slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide.
• blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing. - D. blood acidity is reduced by excessive

breathing.

• Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.
• hypotension
• shock
• hypoxia
• perfusion - B. shock

• An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
• the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat.
• he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse.
• the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position.
• the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. - D. the occiput is

proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

15. Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

• hypoglycemia.
• hypertension.
• diabetes mellitus.
• elevated cholesterol. - A. hypoglycemia.

• Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make excited delirium

worse?

• Alcohol withdrawal
• Limited physical contact
• Dimly lit environment
• Elevated blood glucose - A. Alcohol withdrawal
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