EMT Midterm Exam - three previous heart attacks and takes nitrogly...

EMT Midterm Exam

• You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of

three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac- related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to

the patient, you should:

• ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg as aspirin

dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure.

• confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose

of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

• assist the patient in taking only his nitroglycerin. Aspirin should not be given in

conjunction with nitroglycerin.

• contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and

vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin.(ANS- B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

• Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
• Decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels
• Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin

production

• Increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin

production

• Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar

levels (ANS- B. Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

• How does respiration differ from ventilation?
• Respiration occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract,

whereas ventilation occurs when those same muscles relax.

• Respiration occurs when oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body, whereas

ventilation occurs when carbon dioxide is removed. 1 / 4

• Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement

of air between the lungs and the environment.

• Ventilation occurs when air is forced into the lungs, whereas respiration occurs

when air is drawn or sucked into the lungs.(ANS- C. Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

• During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her

at least ________ times.

• 2
• 6
• 4
• 3

(ANS- A. 2

• Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine

glands in the body?

• Pituitary
• Parathyroid
• Thyroid
• Adrenal

(ANS- A. Pituitary

6. Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

• suspension.
• elixir.
• gel.
• solution.

(ANS- A. suspension.

• In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the

MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

• A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma
• A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed
• A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree 2 / 4

• A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet

(ANS- B. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

• A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing

obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment,

you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

• consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack.
• request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.
• provide only supportive care en route to the hospital.
• repeat the epinephrine injection with the appropriate medical control.

(ANS- D. repeat the epinephrine injection with the appropriate medical control.

9. An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

• the infant's total blood volume decreases with age.
• his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age.
• as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate.
• blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

(ANS- D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

• A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She

is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are

26 breaths/min and regular. You should:

• insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases.
• assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
• administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
• perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment.

(ANS- C. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

• You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit

by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment.Which type of consent is her agreement considered?

• Minor's
• Informed
• Implied 3 / 4

• Expressed

(ANS- D. Expressed

12. Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:

• dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream.
• the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases.
• slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide.
• blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.

(ANS- D. blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.

• Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.
• hypotension
• shock
• hypoxia
• perfusion

(ANS- B. shock

• An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or

overflexed because:

• the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat.
• he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse.
• the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position.
• the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

(ANS- D. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

15. Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

• hypoglycemia.
• hypertension.
• diabetes mellitus.
• elevated cholesterol.

(ANS- A. hypoglycemia.

• Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make

excited delirium worse?

• Alcohol withdrawal
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