encounter the infected person. For example, most the people in the

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Herd Immunity

• The resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of

people is immune to the infectious organism through immunization/vaccine. Herd or Community immunity is contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the infection will encounter the infected person. For example, most the people in the community are immune to an infectious disease, which means everyone does not need immunity to prevent the spread of the infection.

Active Immunity

• When the immune system produce antibodies in response to an

antigen by the vaccine, or by the infection itself. For example, if a person who has never had hepatitis B contracts Hep B and recovers from it, that person becomes immune to Hep B because of the immune system's antibody response to the hepatitis B virus.

Passive Immunity

• Occurs naturally. This type of immunity is passed on when an

antibody is produced in another host. For example, immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by artificial administration of antibody-containing formulations.

Definition of vaccine

• A preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms 1 / 2

Post exposure prophylaxis for suspected rabies bite

• Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consists of a dose of human rabies

immune globulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine given on the day of the rabies exposure, and then a dose of the vaccine given again on days 3, 7 and 14. For people who have never been vaccinated against rabies previously, PEP should always include administration of both HRIG and rabies vaccine. The combination of HRIG and the vaccine is recommended for both bite and non-bite exposures, regardless of the interval between exposure and initiation of treatment.

Post vaccine side effects

• Many children experience local reactions (discomfort, swelling, and

erythema) at injection sites. Fever can also be common. Very rare but severe effects include anaphylaxis; acute encephalopathy, and vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.

MMR:

• Local reactions, rash, fever, swollen glands in cheeks, neck & under

the jaw; pain, stiffness and swelling in joints (mild) Anaphylaxis and thrombocytopenia (severe)

DTAP

• Local reactions, fever, fretfulness, drowsiness, anorexia, persistent

crying (mild) acute encephalopathy, convulsions, shock-like state (severe)

Varicella

• Local reactions, fever, mild varicella like rash (local or generalized)

Hep A

• Local soreness, headaches anorexia, fatigue (mild)

anaphylaxis (severe)

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