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National 5 Biology - 1.5 Genetic Engineering Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
What is the main goal of genetic engineering in bacteria?✔✔To produce useful substances like insulin or human growth hormone
Which small circular piece of DNA is often used in genetic engineering?✔✔Plasmid
What is the name of the enzyme used to cut DNA at specific points?✔✔Restriction enzyme
Why is the same restriction enzyme used to cut both the required gene and the plasmid?✔✔So that the ends of the DNA match and can join together
Which enzyme is used to seal a gene into a plasmid?✔✔Ligase 1 / 2
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What is a genetically modified organism?✔✔An organism that has had genes from another species inserted into its DNA
What makes bacteria good hosts for genetic engineering?✔✔They reproduce quickly and have simple genetic material
What is the term used when a gene is inserted into a different species?✔✔Gene transfer
What is an example of a product made by genetically modified bacteria?✔✔Human insulin
What is a benefit of using genetically engineered insulin over animal insulin?✔✔It is identical to human insulin and less likely to cause allergic reactions
Why must genes be accurately inserted into bacterial plasmids?✔✔To ensure the correct protein is produced
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