ENPC Respiratory Test Exam with Complete Solutions Graded A+ Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? - Correct Answer large tongue relative to size of oropharynx obligate nose breathers smaller airway diameter cricoid cartilage narrowest area larynx more anterior and cephalad cartilaginous larynx short neck and short trachea What is normal respiratory rate for the 5 pediatric age groups? - Correct Answer infant (1-12 months) - 30-60 toddler (1-3 years) - 24-40 preschooler (3-5 years) - 22-34 school age (5-11 years) - 18-30 adolescent (11-18 years) - 12-16 What is the narrowest area of the pediatric airway? - Correct Answer the crichoid cartilage - provides anatomical seal for uncuffed or cuffless ETT in children younger than 8 years old Anatomical and physiological features of pediatric breathing? - Correct Answer compensatory mechanisms less effective higher metabolic rate respiratory rate varies with age thin chest wall cartilaginous sternum and ribs poorly developed intercostal muscles diaphragm positioned flat ribs horizontally oriented 1 / 2
fewer smaller alveoli What age is the respiratory system considered fully developed? - Correct Answer 8 years old Most common chronic childhood illness? - Correct Answer asthma, affects 9.3% of children Do pediatrics have a higher or lower metabolic rate? - Correct Answer higher - results in more rapid respiratory rate and less efficient use of oxygen and glucose. In addition, other symptoms, such as fever or anxiety, may further increase metabolic rate A pulse ox reading of less than ____ at sea level is indicative of respiratory compromise? - Correct Answer 92%, exceptions include children with uncorrected congenital heart defects How to estimate ETT size for pediatrics age 1-10? - Correct Answer uncuffed - (age/4)+4, cuffed - (age/4)+3.5 CO2 monitors may not be effective if the child is less than ____? - Correct Answer 2kg The esophageal detector may be considered for confirmation of tracheal tube placement in children weighing ___? - Correct Answer more than 20kg. It is unreliable in children younger than 1 year The appropriate depth of insertion of an ETT can be estimated by the following formula? - Correct Answer internal tube diameter x3.Studies show that the use of the length based resuscitation tape to determine depth of the ETT is the most accurate method An excess of either of these 2 substances causes a direct excitatory effect on the respiratory center, resulting in increased rate of ventilation? - Correct Answer increased PaCO2 or increased H+ Most common cause of respiratory distress and failure in the pediatric patient? - Correct Answer upper or lower airway obstructive disorders
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