ENVS2210 DE Final Exam Test Bank Notes

ENVS2210 DE Final Exam Test Bank Notes

Unit 1:

• What are 3 uses for honey bees?
• Honey bees are excellent biological study subjects
• Honey bees are beneficial and productive insects
• Beekeeping
• Earliest records about beekeeping practices come from
• Ancient Egypt
• Who thought the queen bee was a king?
• Aristotle
• In what centuries was the scientific basis of beekeeping established?
• 16

th and 17 th Centuries

• Why were bees brought to the new world?
• Because native bees did not produce large amounts of honey and wax
• Who is known as the father of modern beekeeping?
• Lorenzo L. Langstroth
• What was different about Lorenzo’s new hive?
• Movable frames which bees built combs
• What are the main components of the 19

th century bee hives?

• Beeswax foundation, honey extractor, queen excluder
• How many hives are maintained globally?
• 55 million hives
• How much honey is produced globally every year?
• Over 950 million kg
• How much wax is produced globally every year?
• Over 25 million kg 1 / 4

• What country is the world’s largest producer and exporter of honey and royal

jelly?

• China
• What hive type is typically used in Africa?
• Traditional hive (fixed combs)
• What countries practice migratory apiculture?
• Australia and New Zealand
• What is the average honey yield for a hive in Canada?
• 60kg
• What order are honey bees classified under?
• Hymenoptera
• What kind of insects belong to the order hymenoptera?
• Those with 4 membranous wings
• What is the only function of a drone?
• To mate with virgin queens during spring and summer
• What sex are worker bees?
• Females with underdeveloped reproductive organs
• What is believed that honey bees evolved from?
• A carnivorous Sphecoid wasp ancestor
• What are the oldest fossil records of bees from? How old are they?
• Northern Europe, 50 million years old
• What Genus do honey bees fall under?
• Apis
• What is the taxonomical name for the honey bee?
• Apis mellifera
• What are the 4 common species of honey bee?
• Apis mellifera, apis florea, apis dorsata, apis cerana

Unit 2: 2 / 4

a.

• Are honey bees holometabolous or hemimetabolous?
• Holometabolous
• What does it mean that honey bees are holometabolous?
• They pass through complete metamorphosis
• What is the developmental time for a WORKER (egg, larva, pupa, total)

3, 5.5, 7.5, 16

• What is the developmental time for a DRONE (egg, larva, pupa, total)
• 3, 7, 14,24
• What does the interior of a honey bee egg contain?
• Cytoplasm, nucleus, yolk
• What is an instar and how many do honey bees undergo throughout

development

• Substages separated by the moulting of the cuticle
• 5.
• What do nurse bees feed all larvae for the first 3 days post hatching?
• Royal jelly
• What larvae continue to be fed royal jelly past 3 days post- hatch?
• Queen larvae
• What do nurse bees feed worker and drone larvae after 3 days post hatch?
• Bee bread (pollen and nectar)
• After feeding, what do nurse workers do until larvae become pupae?
• Cap cells with wax
• What controls the metamorphosis of honey bees?
• Hormones
• What are the two hormones that control honey bee development? What do

they do?

• Ecdysone (moulting hormone) 3 / 4

• Juvenile hormone (cell division and body differentiation)
• What is the exoskeleton comprised of?
• Hardened plates made of chitin and protein
• What are the functions of the exoskeleton?
• Prevents dehydration, provides protection, provides support, provides

attachments for muscles and organs

• What are the three body segments of a bee?
• Head, thorax, abdomen
• What types of eyes do bees have?
• Ocelli (simple), compound
• What do ocelli do?
• Detect light intensity, may serve as orientation during flight
• What are compound eyes composed of?
• Arrays of thousands of single eyes (ommatidia or facets)
• What are facets/ommatidia for?
• Detect polarized light, colour vision
• What colours. Light waves can bees see?
• UV, blue, green, yellow
• What are the antennae of bees composed of?
• 12 segments with sense organs
• What are sense organs of the antennae called?
• Sensilla
• What can antennae detect?
• Odour, CO2, humidity, flavour, temperature, airflow
• What is located inside the antennae pedicel?
• Johnston organ (ear)
• What 2 things are included in a bees mouthpart?
• / 4