Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology 4th Edition Chiego Test Bank

Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology 4th Edition Chiego Test Bank

Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Mitochondria produce which chemical for intracellular energy?
• ADP
• ATP
• RNA
• DNA

ANS: B

Feedback A Mitochondria generate energy through ATP, not ADP, production.B Correct. Mitochondria produce energy via ATP.C Mitochondria generate energy through ATP, not RNA, production.D Mitochondria generate energy through ATP, not DNA, production.

REF: Cell Cytoplasm, page 3 OBJ: 1

• Each tissue originates from mesoderm, except one. What is the exception?
• Bone
• Liver
• Blood
• Muscle

ANS: B

Feedback A Bone tissue develops from mesodermal cells.B Correct. Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells.C Blood develops from mesodermal cells.D Muscle tissue develops from mesodermal cells.

REF: Ovarian Cycle, Fertilization, Implantation, and Development of the Embryonic Disk, page 7

OBJ: 2

• Which chemical is called the second messenger?
• aDNA
• mRNA
• dGMP
• cAMP

ANS: D

Feedback A cAMP is the second messenger; aDNA is not.B cAMP is the second messenger; mRNA is not.C cAMP is the second messenger; dGMP is not.

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D Correct. cAMP transmits information to the intracellular organelles when activated by surface receptors on the plasma membrane.

REF: Cell Cytoplasm, page 3 OBJ: 2

• Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
• Ribosomes
• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
• Plasmalemma

ANS: A

Feedback A Correct. Ribosomes synthesize protein.B Lysosomes facilitate the breakdown of intracellular and extracellular substances.C Mitochondria generate energy.D The plasmalemma provides a protective barrier and regulates the transport of substances to and from the cell.

REF: Cell Cytoplasm, page 2 OBJ: 1

• Which organelle produces microtubules?
• Nucleus
• Centriole
• Golgi apparatus
• Endoplasmic reticulum

ANS: B

Feedback A Centrioles generate microtubules; the nucleus does not.B Correct. Centrioles produce microtubules.C Centrioles generate microtubules; the Golgi apparatus does not.D Centrioles generate microtubules; the endoplasmic reticulum does not.

REF: Cell Cytoplasm, page 3 OBJ: 1

• Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage?
• S phase
• G1 phase
• G2 phase
• Prophase

ANS: B

Feedback A The S phase is characterized as the stage in which DNA synthesis is complete.B Correct. The G1 phase is the initial resting stage.C The G2 phase is characterized by post-DNA duplication.D Prophase is characterized by four specific structural changes. 2 / 4

REF: Cell Cycle, page 4 OBJ: 1

• Posttranslational modifications to proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are

accomplished by .

• mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• messenger RNA
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ANS: B

Feedback A The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational alterations; mitochondria are not.B Correct. The Golgi apparatus makes alterations to proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum.C The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational alterations; mRNA is not.D The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational alterations; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not.

REF: Cell Cytoplasm, page 2 OBJ: 1

• The provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.
• ovary
• uterine tube
• myometrium
• endometrium

ANS: D

Feedback A The ovary is the female reproductive organ, in which the ova or eggs are produced.B The uterine tube conducts the egg from the ovary to the uterus.C The myometrium is the smooth muscle that lines the uterus.D Correct. The endometrium provides the ovum with the nourishment necessary for implantation and growth.

REF: Ovarian Cycle, Fertilization, Implantation, and Development of the Embryonic Disk, page 7

OBJ: 2

• Intercalated disks are present in which type of muscle?
• Cardiac
• Smooth
• Skeletal
• Voluntary

ANS: A 3 / 4

Feedback A Correct. Cardiac is the only type of muscle tissue with intercalated disks.B Intercalated disks are not present in smooth muscle.C Intercalated disks are not present in skeletal muscle.D Intercalated disks facilitate the involuntary contractions of cardiac muscle.

REF: Cardiovascular System, page 15 OBJ: 3

• Developmental abnormalities are not associated with which number of chromosomes?
• 44
• 45
• 46
• 47

ANS: C

Feedback A Developmental abnormalities are associated with less than the normal number of chromosomes (46).B Developmental abnormalities are associated with less than the normal number of chromosomes (46).C Correct. The normal human cell has 46 total chromosomes.D Developmental abnormalities are associated with more than the normal number of chromosomes (46).

REF: Developmental Abnormalities, page 17 OBJ: 3

• Which best describes diapedesis?
• Programmed cell death and fragmentation
• A protective mechanism in the immunologic defense of the body
• The development of a cartilage disk in the neck of each long bone
• The migration of leukocytes between endothelial cells to the site of infection

ANS: D

Feedback A Apoptosis is cell death and fragmentation into membrane-bound particles.B The lymphatic system is an immunologic defense mechanism.C The epiphyseal plate is a developmental disk of cartilage.D Correct. Diapedesis is a process whereby leukocytes migrate between endothelial cells to the site of infection.

REF: Blood and Lymphatic Tissue, page 12 OBJ: 3

• T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages are produced in the .
• spleen
• cerebellum
• lymph nodes
• bone marrow

ANS: D

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