NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 What are the functions of the kidneys?(ANS- Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy?(ANS- dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?(ANS- ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?(ANS- peripheral tissue insulin resistance What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?(ANS- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism What processes occur during fasting?(ANS- glucogenesis; glycogenesis 1 / 3
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes?(ANS- adipose/ fat What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?(ANS- myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?(ANS- Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?(ANS- fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?(ANS- numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?(ANS- fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?(ANS- negative feedback loop What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?(ANS- Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins 2 / 3
What is diabetes insipidus?(ANS- a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus (ANS- polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome?(ANS- Excessive secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. - Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch marks - • ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor - Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric disturbance - Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism (ANS- Weakness. - Fatigue. - Cold intolerance. - Constipation. - Weight gain. -
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