pg. 1 Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience 5th Edition Study Guide Questions with Correct Verified Answers – Updated Exam 2024.
Psychology - ANSWER - The study of how the mind and body work together
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER - The scientific study of the internal mental processes
Internal Mental Processes - ANSWER - All of the things that go on inside your brain
Metacognition - ANSWER - Thinking about thinking
The first step in the metacognition cycle - ANSWER - Assess the task
The second step in the metacognition cycle - ANSWER - Evaluate strengths and weaknesses
The third step in the metacognition cycle - ANSWER - Plan the approach (Create a plan)
The fourth step in the metacognition cycle - ANSWER - Apply strategies (Take action)
The fifth step in the metacognition cycle - ANSWER - Reflect
Retrieval Practice - ANSWER - practice tests, flash cards, write/illustrate all you know and check for accuracy
Spaced Practice - ANSWER - 5 hours of study spread out is better than 5 hours at one time.
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pg. 2 Dual Coding - ANSWER - Turning written ideas into images and turning images into written ideas
Elaboration - ANSWER - Asking questions and digging for answers
Interleaving - ANSWER - Switching the study of ideas/topics without spending to much time one one.
Concrete Examples - ANSWER - Turning abstract ideas into real life, specific examples
How can metacognition impact learning and/or memory - ANSWER - Thoughtful strategies can improve memory and learning.
What are case studies? - ANSWER - Allows data gathered to be in-depth and detailed. Gathers data from many different sources and different research methods
What type of data do case studies gather? - ANSWER - Qualitative, but can also give quantitative (e.g. IQ tests)
What is triangulation? - ANSWER - Gathering data using different research methods and developing themes.
Who was HM? - ANSWER - Henry Molaison
What happened to HM? - ANSWER - Suffered brain injury as a result of surgical procedure to relieve him from seizures caused by epilepsy.
Which part of HM's brain was removed? - ANSWER - William Scoville removed HM's hippocampus, which was associated with consolidating memories.
What happened to HM's memory? - ANSWER - He was assessed of having anterograde (loss of ability to make NEW memories) and retrograde (loss of ability to recall events PRIOR to the injury) amnesia.
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pg. 3 How did HM contribute to understanding memory? - ANSWER - Shows that there is short term and long term memory storage. Informs us that short term memories need to be transferred to long term storage to be able to be retrieved again.
What 3 main standards should a good study adhere to? - ANSWER - 1. Possible to generalise
- Replicable
- Valid
What is test-retest reliability? - ANSWER - If findings are consistent, and considered reliable, it can be trusted that findings will happen again.
Objectivity - ANSWER - Need to be impartial and judgement free
Internal validity - ANSWER - How well the procedure establishes a causal relationship between manipulated IV and measured DV.
Predictive validity - ANSWER - The extent to which the performance on the measure can predict future performance on a similar criterion.
Ecological validity - ANSWER - The extent to which the research can be generalised to other situations (real life or everyday situations).
Operationalised hypothesis - ANSWER - Defining precisely how you intend to measure the DV and alter the conditions of the IV
What are the 3 experimental designs? - ANSWER - Independent measures, repeated measures and matched pairs
Independent measures design - ANSWER - Using DIFFERENT participants in each condition of the experiment
Repeated measures design - ANSWER - Using the SAME participants in each condition of the experiment
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