Exam 1 - BIOS252 / BIOS 252 (Latest 2024 /
2025) : Anatomy And Physiology II With Lab -
Chamberlain What is homeostasis? - ANSWER how varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant internal living environment. There is a balanced dynamic state!Diseases result from homeostatic imbalances (diabetes) What are the levels of organization? - ANSWER chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organismal What is the nervous system made of? - ANSWER The Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (cranial nerves and spinal nerves).What is the big picture of the nervous system? What does this mean? - ANSWER Input - Processing - Output. Explain.Most of our wiring is _____. - ANSWER insulated. 1 / 3
Neuron - ANSWER Describe the soma, neurofibrils, Nissl bodies, dendrites, axon and axon hillock. - ANSWER Soma- body of the neuron cell.Neurofibrils- work with microtubules to compartmentalize rough ER into Nissl bodies.Nissl bodies- help identify neurons in tissue sections with mixed cell types Dendrites- primary site for receiving signals from other neurons axon hillock- nerve fiber where axon originates axon- conducs nerve signals to remote point from the soma. contains Varicosities secrete NTs.How are neurons classified? - ANSWER By number of processes extending from the soma.What is the difference in multipolar nerons, bipolar neurons, and anaxonic neurons? - ANSWER multipolar - one axon with multiple dendrites. Includes most neurons of the brain and spinal cord.bipolar- one axon and one dendrite.Anaxonic- multiple dendrites, no axon. Communicate through dendrites and produce no action.found in brain, retina, and adrenal medulla. 2 / 3
What is axonal transport? - ANSWER two way passage of proteins, organelles, and other materials along the axon.What is anterograde and retrograde transport? - ANSWER anterograde- moves down the axon, away from the soma.retrograde- moves up the axon, towards the soma.What are 3 properties that enable communication with other cells? - ANSWER
- Excitability (response to stimuli or environmental change).
- Conductivity ( production of electrical signals that are conducted to other cells at distant
- Secretion (when a signal reaches the end of a nerve fiber, neuron secretes a NT that crosses
locations).
gap and enters the next cell).What are sensory neurons? - ANSWER (dealing with the five senses) They are a part of the PNS (afferent). They conduct signals from receptors to the nervous system. Detect stimuli and transmit info TOWARDs the CNS.
somatic: bones, joints, and muscles
visceral: comes from inside us like internal organs
(organized by location)
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