Exam 1: NR328 / NR 328 (Latest
Update 2025 / 2026) Pediatric Nursing | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
Question:
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) & Tricuspid Atresia
Answer:
Combination of four heart defects
S/S: Cyanosis
Meds: Surgical repair in first year of life
*** For hypercyanotic episodes, bring child's to knees up to chest (knee-chest position) ***Tet spell/lack of oxygen ***short period when a child's skin, nails and lips turns a little blue or grey
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Question:
AV canal defect
Answer:
Hole in the center of the heart that allows blood flows between the 4 chambers
S/S: HF, loud systolic murmur
Tx: Surgical patch closure and valve reconstruction
Question:
PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
Answer:
The fetal ductus arteriosus connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery fails to close after birth
S/S: "Machine-hum" murmur, bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure (0.20
mmHg)
Tx: Indomethacin. Coils to occlude PDA during cardiac cauterization
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Question:
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Answer:
A hole in the septum on L/R atria
S/S: Asymptomatic, HF, systolic murmur with wide fixed
Meds: closure during cardiac cath. surgical patch closure
Question:
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Answer:
Hole in the septum L/R ventricle
S/S: HF, loud holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border
Meds: surgery to suture or patch hole
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Question:
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
Answer:
Stenosis (narrowing of aorta)
S/S: Upper extremity hypertension/bounding pulses, poor lower extremity
perfusion (pallor, cool skin, weak pulses, & HF
Meds: Balloon angiomosis to normal aorta. Manage hypertension with bp
meds
Question:
Aorta Stenosis
Answer:
Narrowing of the aorta valve
S/S: decrease cardiac output, low 02* hypotension, low pulses, tachycardia
poor feeding, activity intolerance, pulmonary congestion, & HF
Meds: Balloon dilation, valvotomy (open the heart valve)
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