NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam 1 Study Guide
Question:
Define a symptom
Answer:
A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease, mental or physical
Question:
Describe homeostasis
Answer:
Any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.If unsuccessful; results in disaster or death of the organism.
Question:
Epinephrine
Answer:
released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome released during a stress response 1 / 4
Question:
Function of Mitochondria
Answer:
Cellular respiration and energy production.Acts similar to digestive system by consuming nutrients, breaking them down, and creating energy-rich molecules. Complete breakdown of glucose, producing nicotine adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for cellular energy (process called cellular respiration)
Question:
Know the effective of the RAAS System
Answer:
Vasoconstriction, increases blood pressure
Question:
Define hyperplasia
Answer:
increase in number of cells; enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer
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Question:
Apply concept of homeostasis
Answer:
Ensures that the body's internal environment remains relatively stable despite fluctuations in external conditions such as temp, pH, nutrient levels, and oxygen levels. This stability allows cells and organs to function optimally. Relies on feedback systems; positive feedback loop (childbirth), negative feedback loop (works to counteract deviations from desired set point and restore balance).
Question:
Function of endoplasmic reticulum
Answer:
Moving proteins from one part of the cell to the other or to the outside of the cell (Secretion) Site of synthesis and transport of lysomal enzymes (golgi aparatus) Produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function, rough ER contains ribosomes which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
Question:
Function of hormone renin
Answer:
Renin is an enzyme that helps control your blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium and potassium in your body.
Released from kidneys, activating angiotensin I which is then converted to angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor), and stimulation aldosterone secretion
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Question:
Increased hydrostatic capillary action
Answer:
Causes edema; heart failure is the most common cause
Question:
What body functions cause fluid volume deficits?
Answer:
Also called dehydration
Electrolyte deficits such as sodium. As fluid decreases, sodium levels increase such as hemoconcentration. Gastrointestinal losses (vomiting, diarrhea, nasogastric suctioning) Excessive diaphoresis (sweating) Hemorrhage Prolonged hyperventilation Nephrosis Diabetes mellitus Excessive use of diuretics
Question:
What electrolyte is associated with muscular tetany?
Answer:
Calcium; low levels of calcium
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