Exam 3: BIO322 / BIO 322 (Latest
2024 / 2025 Update) Applied Pathophysiology Exam | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - GCU
Question:
what is wrong with type I DM patients?
Answer:
their insulin is little to none, so glucose is unable to be brought into the cells but builds up in the blood. it is autoimmune beta cell dysfunction. can cause hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
Question:
hyperglyemia signs
Answer:
blood glucose of 300mg or more, 6.5% or more hemoglobin A1c, or more than 126mg/dL on fasting glucose urinalysis hyperglycemia causes polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
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Question:
what's wrong in type II DM patients?
Answer:
it is a non-insulin dependent condition where first the cell experiences insulin resistance, then islet cell burnout. can be caused by obesity, PCOS, hyperglycemia patient experiences chronic inflammation, increase in cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides.
unique sign - acanthosis nigricans: skin thickens and pigments
Question:
what medication can we give to type II DM patients in the early stage?
Answer:
metformin, helps restore the body's response to insulin
Question:
How does DKA occur in Type 1 DM?
Answer:
type I diabetes, above 250 mg/dL, ketones rise and pH and bicarbonate levels plummet
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Question:
how does hyperosmolar hyperglycemia non-ketotic syndrome occur
Answer:
HHNKS - in type II diabetes when blood glucose is greater than 600 mg/dL and negative for ketones
Question:
microvascular complications of diabetes
Answer:
hypoxemia and ischemia of tissues diabetic retinopathy and blindness diabetic nephropathy --> CKD --> end stage renal disease diabetic peripheral neuropathy (parathesias) motor, sensory, autonomic neuropathy
Question:
macrovascular complications of diabetes
Answer:
increased atherosclerosis --> hypertension, coronary artery disease, CHF risk of cerebral accident/stroke peripheral vascular disease --> non-healing ulcers -->increased risk of infection --> amputation
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