Exam 3 NUR-140 Mrs. Jagellaa Moraine Valley Community College
what initiates cough reflex - ANSWER-mucosal irritation and increase in mucous production
Define pneumonia - ANSWER-inflammation of lung parenchyma (the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli)
pneumonia is ranked as the - ANSWER-8th leading cause of death in the US accounts for 10% of adult hospitalizations in US
What is pneumonia caused by - ANSWER-bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and other microbes
noninfectious causes of pneumonia - ANSWER-aspiration of gastric contents inhalation of toxic or irritating gasses
Most commonly causative organism for community acquired pneumonia - ANSWER- streptococcus pneumonia also called pneumococcus causes 66% of cases
most common means of entry of pathogens into the lungs - ANSWER--aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing microbes -microorganisms inhaled after being released when infectious person coughs, sneezes, or talks
- contaminated aerosolized water
-bacterial could spread from the blood stream from an infection elsewhere within the body
pneumonia may derive in 4 distinct patterns - ANSWER-1. lobar pneumonia
- bronchopneumonia
- interstitial pneumonia
- miliary pneumonia
acute bacterial pneumonia - ANSWER--streptococcus pneumonia -may spread by direct person to person contact via droplets
- many causes result from aspiration of resident bacteria
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-lower lobes of lungs usually affected due to gravity
Lobar pnemonia - ANSWER-consolidation (solidification) of large portion of entire lung lobe
bronchopneumonia - ANSWER-patchy consolidation involving more than one lobe usually involves dependent portions of lung tissue
interstitial pneumonia - ANSWER-inflammatory process primarily involves interstitial: alveolar walls and connective tissue supporting bronchial tree.
miliary pneumonia - ANSWER-numerous discrete inflammatory lesions develop as a result of the spread of pathogen via the blood stream
Local effects of respiratory disorders - ANSWER-cough excess mucous production SOB (dypsnea) hemoptysis (blood sputum) chest pain
Systemic effects of respiratory disorders - ANSWER-fever anorexia malaise cyanosis other manifestations of impaired gas exchange
infectious pneumonia is classified as either - ANSWER--commonly acquired -nonsocial (hospital acquired) -opportunistic
the presentation of bacterial pneumonia - ANSWER--usually acute, rapid onset of shaking chills (rigors), fever, productive cough (rust colored) or purulent sputum, chest aching or pleuritis pain (sharp localized chest pain that increases with breathing and coughing) -limited breath sounds -fine crackles or rales are heard over the affected lung
the presentation of bronchopneumonia - ANSWER-includes onset with low grade fever, cough, scattered crackles
presentation of pneumonia in older adult or debilitated patient - ANSWER-little cough, scant sputum, minimal evidence of respiratory distress, fever, tachapena, and altered mentation or agitation
complications of pneumonia - ANSWER-most common is pleuritis extensive parenchymal damage with necrosis
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