Exam 3: NUR 210/ NUR210 (Latest 2024/
2025) Principles of Pharmacology Exam| Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A| Galen A patient is ordered the following inhalers, a bronchodilator (ipratropium) and a gluco-corticoid (Beclamethasone). The nurse will
- administer the bronchodilator 5 minutes before the glucocorticoid.
- mix the drugs and administer them together.
- administer the glucocorticoid 10 minutes before the bronchodilator.
- administer the glucocorticoid immediately after the bronchodilator.
Answer: A
Rationale: When a bronchodilator and a glucocorticoid inhaler are ordered together, the bronchodilator is administered first. The nurse should then wait for 5 minutes before administering the glucocorticoid.This allows time for bronchodilation to occur so the glucocorticoid is deposited deep into the respiratory system.A patient has just received a nebulizer treatment of albuterol. It is most important for the nurse to assess the patient for the development of which side effect/adverse effect?
- Tremors
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Tremors are a side effect of Albuterol, as are tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease asks the nurse what the albuterol (Proventil) he is taking does. The nurse should inform the patient that albuterol is used to
- mobilize respiratory secretions.
- decrease the cough response.
- increase the work of breathing.
- dilate the larger airways.
Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) is a selective beta2 drug that is effective for treatment and control of asthma by causing bronchodilation with long duration of action.The nurse is preparing class for patients with asthma. The nurse will inform the patients that leukotriene modifiers are used in the treatment of asthma to
- assist in opening narrowed airways. 1 / 3
- suppress the release of histamine and other mediators from the mast cells.
- loosen mucus from the airways.
- prevent serious complications from bacterial infections.
Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene modifiers are used in the treatment of patients with asthma to suppress the release of histamine and other mediators from the mast cells. In the treatment of patients with COPD, bronchodilators such as sympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, and methylxanthines are used to assist in opening narrowed airways; expectorants are used to loosen mucus from the airways, and antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent serious complications from bacterial infection.A patient is using a glucocorticoid inhaler. The patient asks the nurse why he has to rinse his mouth out after using the glucocorticoid inhaler. The nurse should inform the patient that rinsing the mouth is done to
- avoid mucous membrane breakdown.
- increase hydration of the oral mucosa.
- decrease risk of infection.
- slow the development of cavities.
Answer: C
Rationale: Side effects associated with orally inhaled glucocorticoids are generally local (throat irritation, hoarseness, dry mouth, coughing) rather than systemic. Oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal fungal infections have occurred. Oropharyngeal infections may be prevented by using a spacer with the inhaler to reduce drug deposits in the oral cavity, rinsing the mouth and throat with water after each dose, and washing the apparatus daily with warm water.A home care nurse is visiting a patient with asthma who suddenly experiences an acute asthma attack.Which drug should the nurse prepare to administer?
- Ipratropium
- Montelukast
- Albuterol
- Fluticasone
Answer: C
Rationale: Albuterol is used to treat bronchospasm of asthma to promote bronchodilation. The remaining drugs are used as maintenance treatment for asthma.what are isoniazid and rifampin used for?antitubercular for tuberculosis and prophylactic use against tuberculosis What is hydrochlorothiazide and what is it used for?a thiazide diuretic used for HTN or edema from CHF What is furosemide and what is it used for?Lasix a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, HTN, pulmonary edema diuretics caused lab abnormalities 2 / 3
low K (except spironolactone which causes high K) low Mg low Cl low Na high blood sugar low Ca (loop) high Ca (thiazide) What is mannitol and what is it used for?an osmotic diuretic used to decrease ICP, IOP, excrete toxins, used in emergent situations What is spironolactone and what is it used for?a potassium-sparing diuretic blocks aldosterone, used for heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis diuretic interventions monitor I's & O's, daily weight notify HCP if urine output does not increase monitor VS, watch BP administer Lasix slowly for K wasting watch for s/s of hypokalemia for K sparing watch for s/s of hyperkalemia monitor electrolyte levels monitor glucose periodically diuretics teaching take BP before dose weigh self daily (report gain of 2# overnight or 5# in week) take medication in morning ok to take w/ food for GI upset avoid sunlight for photosensitivity teach to get up slowly reinforce need for medication and compliance diet - K wasting - increase potassium, supplement, esp if Pt on digoxin diet - K sparing - decrease potassium teach that drugs can increase glucose so HCP will monitor blood glucose A Patient Is Taking Furosemide (Lasix) 40 Mg Daily For Heart Failure And Hypertension. It Is Most Important For The Nurse To Assess The Patient For The Development Of
- Low Serum Potassium, Sodium, And Magnesium, And Elevated Calcium.
- Low Serum Potassium And Sodium And Elevated Magnesium And Calcium.
- Low Serum Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, And Calcium.
- Low Serum Potassium And Sodium, With
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Magnesium And Calcium Remaining Normal.