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NBCE Boards Part II - Chiropractic Practices Actual Exam Version 2 Newest 2025/2026 With Complete 100 Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+||Brand New Version!!
what is the cord compression hypothesis - ANSWER-the only place the spinal cord can be compressed is at the occipito- atlanto-axial area which can result from traction of dura by the dentate ligaments or by aberrant muscle fibers from the rectus capitits posterior minor which attaches to the dura
who developed the proprioceptive insult / segmental facilitation hypothesis - ANSWER-korr
define the proprioceptive insult / segmental facilitation hypothesis - ANSWER-that a fixed vertebral segment activates mechanoreceptors and nociceptors which send sensory information to the dorsal horn causing hyperactivity of sensory nerve fibers this results in a lower threshold and hyperactivity, leading to muscle spasms, abnormal somato-autonomic reflexes, lowered 1 / 4
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skin resistance, and increased vasomotor and sudomotor (sweat gland) activity
what is the key to the proprioceptive insult / segmental facilitation hypothesis - ANSWER-muscle
what is the somato-autonomic reflex hypothesis - ANSWER- receptors activated by a subluxation can cause a somatic response or and autonomic response
what is the neuroimmunomodulation (neurodystrophic) hypothesis
what is it based off of - ANSWER-neural dysfunction is stressful to the body and can modify the immune responses thus altering trophic function of the nerves especially those that innervate lymph nodes *based on general adaptation syndrome*
what is general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER-body responds to acute stress by increasing the immune response and to chronic stress by decreasing the immune response
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what are the three stages of GAS - ANSWER-1. alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion / recovery
what is the vascular insufficiency / vertebral basilar artery insufficiency hypothesis - ANSWER-cervical subluxations may cause distortion or compression of the vertebral arteries which affects cerebral blood flow and will manifest itself in a variety of ways can be corrected with fixing an atlas misalignment
c1 misalignment may be linked with what endocrine condition -
ANSWER-DM
what is the vertebral subluxation complex hypothesis - ANSWER-vertebral subluxation is the alteration in bony alignment and that segmental dysfunction commonly progresses to intervertebral subluxation and spinal degeneration causes pathological changes in nerve, muscle, ligament, vascular, and connective tissue
what is the inflammation hypothesis - ANSWER-acute or chronic inflammation could predispose the patient to develop 3 / 4
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spinal articular lesions in response to the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine inflamed tissue responds by producing eicosanoids, cytokines, NO and sub P which further inflames the surrounding tissue resulting in swelling, pain, and loss of function
what is the gate theory of pain - ANSWER-activation of mechanoreceptors inhibits pain fibers in the dorsal horn when a joint is gapped during a chiropractic adjustment, a huge number of mechanoreceptors are stimulated which stimulates inhibitory interneurons located in the SG which suppress the transmission of nociception to the thalamus = reduced pain
who developed the gate theory of pain - ANSWER-Wall and Melzack in 1965
bonica blood supply to head, brain, ear - ANSWER-C1-3
bonica heart - ANSWER-T1-5
bonica lungs, bronchial tubes, pleura - ANSWER-T2-7
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