Biology STAAR Optimized Exam With Verified Solutions
2025/2026
carbohydrate - Correct Answers-biomolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; used to make energy (ATP) ex) starch, glucose, fructose lipid - Correct Answers-biomolecule that is fat; makes up the cell membrane with phospolipids, stores energy, and protects internal organs ex) fats, oils, waxes protein - Correct Answers-biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; made of amino acids; functions include growth, repair, and metabolic functions ex) hemoglobin, enzymes nucleic acids - Correct Answers-biomolecule that stores genetic material, carry out daily functions, and make proteins in protein synthesis ex)DNA, RNA lysosome - Correct Answers-organelle that carries out the digestive processes in a cell rough ER - Correct Answers-has ribosomes; makes proteins smooth ER - Correct Answers-detoxifies and makes lipids - has no attached ribosomes golgi apparatus - Correct Answers-sorts and distributes proteins ribosomes - Correct Answers-where proteins are made binary fission - Correct Answers-cell division the occurs in bacteria
result: 2 identical organisms (clones)
mitosis - Correct Answers-cell division in somatic cells of multicelled organisms (nonsex cells) that occurs for growth and development result: 2 cells with the same # of chromosomes as the parent cell 1 / 2
meiosis - Correct Answers-cell division in gametes (sex cells); makes reproductive cells
result: 4 cells with half the # of chromosomes as the parent cell
plasma membrane - Correct Answers-cell membrane composed of phospolipid molecules to serve as a boundary; semi-permeable homeostasis - Correct Answers-maintaining a balanced internal enviornment regarless of the external enviorment passive transport - Correct Answers-when substances pass across the membrane without requiring cellular energy ex) osmosis osmosis - Correct Answers-the diffusion of water across a memebrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration active transport - Correct Answers-when cell enegry is required for substances to pass across the plasma membrane - ATP needed cellular respiration - Correct Answers-the process of transferring stored energy from glucose to energy for the cell (ATP) cellular respiration formula - Correct Answers-C6 H12 06 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 +
6H2O + ATP
photosynthesis - Correct Answers-the process by which plants make their own food (glucose) photosynthesis formula - Correct Answers-6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6
H12 O6 + 6O2
virus - Correct Answers-infectious agent that replicates only within the cells
of living hosts, mainly bacteria, plants, and animals: composed of an RNA or
DNA core, a protein coat, and, in more complex types, a surrounding envelope.bacteriophage - Correct Answers-a virus that attacks bacterial cells DNA - Correct Answers-deoxyribonucleic acid; found in the nucleus of cells and contains the hereditary information for making proteins; made up of nucleotides; double helix, double stranded nucleotide - Correct Answers-building blocks of DNA; made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
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