FCCN level 1 Exam Latest Update 2024-2025 Exam Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
3 components of stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER: preload = blood volume
afterload = resistance (how clamped or dilated the vessels are)
contractility = Squeeze of the heart
4 phases of AKI - CORRECT ANSWER: - onset
- oliguric
- diuretic = indicates return of tubular function
- recovery
ACE inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER: - initial dose can drop BP dramatically
- subsequent double dosing shold not drop the BP significantly
-- BP is not a good parameter for finding effective dose for HF patient
acute kidney injury - CORRECT ANSWER: - decreased kidney function within 48 hrs
- UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 to 12 hrs
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - CORRECT ANSWER: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - CORRECT ANSWER: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and
increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - CORRECT ANSWER: - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
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assessment for postrenal failure - CORRECT ANSWER: - oliguric or anuric
- fluid excess
assessment for prerenal renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER: - oliguria
- fluid deficit (hypotension, tachycardia, dry membranes, weak, change in LOC)
AV fistula - CORRECT ANSWER: - listen for bruit
- feel for thrill
- requires 2 to 3 months to heal before using
- lasts longest
- fewest infections
- fewest clotting problems
AV graft - CORRECT ANSWER: - synthetic graft material that connects artery to vein
- 4 to 8 weeks to heal
- increased risk for clotting and infection
best time for blood transfusion to dialysis pt - CORRECT ANSWER: - during dialysis
blood - CORRECT ANSWER: - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
blood pressure pitfalls - CORRECT ANSWER: - insensitive sign of early shock
- must compare to patient baseline
- first BP should always be done manually
*just because you have a BP does not mean the body is being perfused
calcium channel blockers - dihydropyridines - CORRECT ANSWER: - potent
vasodilators that do not normally effect contractility or conduction
- nifedipine
- clevidipine
calcium channel blockers - non dihydropyridines - CORRECT ANSWER: - effect the AV node and are used to treat HTN and cardiac arrhythmias
- verapamil
- diltiazem
can a dialysis catheter be used as IV access during a code - CORRECT ANSWER: -
yes
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