NR-565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Final Exam
First-line drug class considered prior to insulin
Correct Answer:
Metformin
Ratio of basal insulin to rapid-acting insulin in total daily dose (TDD)
Correct Answer:
0.6/units/kg/day
carbohydrate-to insulin ratio when calculating basal insulin
Correct Answer:
- 500 ÷ TDD, then divide by 2 for basal/background
Lower blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying, stimulating glucose- dependent insulin release, suppressing postprandial glucagon release, and reducing appetite
Correct Answer:
GLP-1
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Decrease insulin resistance and thereby increase glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue and decrease glucose production by the liver
Correct Answer:
TZD
Enhance the activity of incretins (by inhibiting their breakdown by DPP-4) and thereby increase insulin release, reduce glucagon release, and decrease hepatic glucose production
Correct Answer:
DPP-4i
Stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreatic islets
Correct Answer:
Sulfonylureas
Increase glucose excretion via the urine by inhibiting SGLT-2 in the kidney tubules, decreasing glucose levels and inducing weight loss by caloric loss through the urine
Correct Answer:
SGLT2i
Which diabetic medication(s) come with a concern of hypoglycemia?
Correct Answer:
Insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones (TZD), meglitinides
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