NSG 124 - Pharmacology
Final Exam
Question:
4 types of Laxatives include:
Answer:
- bulk forming
- surfactant
- stimulant
- osmotic
Question:
Bulk forming laxatives
Answer:
- type of laxative that swells in water to form a viscous solution
- softens fecal mass
- works similar to dietary fiber
- must be taken with a full glass of water
- Ex: psyllium (Metamucil) 1 / 4
Question:
Surfactant laxatives
Answer:
- type of laxative that works by lowering surface tension
- facilitates penetration of fluid into the feces
- must be taken with a full glass of water
- available in capsules, tablets, syrup, liquid
- Ex: docusate sodium (Colace)
Question:
Stimulant laxatives
Answer:
- stimulates peristalsis (intestinal motility)
- increase amount of water and electrolytes in intestines
- full glass of water NOT required
- Ex: bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Question:
Osmotic laxatives
Answer:
- draws water into the colon to stimulate evacuation
- used for bowel prep before diagnostic/surgical procedures 2 / 4
- warning in patients with hypertension, heart failure
- Ex: polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
Question:
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Answer:
- drug to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD
- enteric coated, dissolves in intestine versus stomach
- not to be given for heartburn because of delayed response
- Ex: omeprazole (Prilosec)
Question:
H2 receptor antagonists
Answer:
- treats peptic ulcers, GERD, heartburn
- suppresses secretion of gastric acid
- Ex: Famotidine (Pepcid)
- / 4
Question:
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Answer:
- antiemetic, serotonin receptor antagonist
- treats nausea and vomiting
- take with full glass of water
- SE: headache, diarrhea, dizziness
Question:
Vancomycin
Answer:
- inhibits cell wall synthesis
- treats MRSA, C. difficile
- monitor renal function with creatinine levels
- obtain trough level (30 minutes prior to next dose)
- infuse slowly, at least over 60 minutes
Question:
Vancomycin adverse effects
Answer:
- nephrotoxicity
- red man syndrome (rash, hives, flushing, itching)
- / 4