Final Exam : NR283 / NR-283 (Latest
Update 2025 / 2026) Pathophysiology | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain What is the definition of pain? - ANSWER unpleasant sensation, feeling of discomfort caused by stimulation of pain receptors What stimulates pain? - ANSWER Pain receptors What is pain? - ANSWER a defense mechanism for the body What are some causes of pain? - ANSWER - infections
- inflammation
- Ischemia
- Tissue necrosis
- stretching of tissue
- stretching of tendons
- stretching of joint capsule
- Chemicals
- burns
- muscle spasms
What is somatic pain? - ANSWER pain originating from the skin (cutaneous), bone and muscle 1 / 4
What conducts somatic pain? - ANSWER - sensory fibers What is Visceral pain? - ANSWER Acute or chronic pain originating from organs What conducts visceral pain? - ANSWER Sympathetic fibers What are the pain fibers associated with pain? - ANSWER Myelinated A delta fibers Unmyelinated C fibers What does myelinated A delta fibers associated with? - ANSWER - Acute pain that is impulses are transmitted rapidly What does myelinated A delta fibers make the pain feel like? - ANSWER
- Sharp
- Sudden
- Localized
- Diffuse 2 / 4
What does unmyelinated C fibers associated with? - ANSWER Chronic pain that their impulses are transmitted slowly What does unmyelinated C fibers make the pain feel like? - ANSWER
- Dull
- Burning
- aching sensation
- Use of TENS
- use of opiate-like chemicals
- dynorphins
- beta-lipoproteins 3 / 4
Where is the somatic sensory area located? - ANSWER Cerebral cortex in parietal lobe What is the gate control theory? - ANSWER the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.What happens when the gate is open? - ANSWER - Pain impulses transmitted from periphery to brain What happens when gate closes? - ANSWER - reduced or modifies the passage of pain impulses How does one control pain? - ANSWER - application of ICE
What are some examples of opiate-like chemicals? - ANSWER - enkephalins
What does TENS stand for? - ANSWER transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation What are signs / symptoms of pain? - ANSWER - location of pain
- aching
- burning
- sharp
- widespread
- throbbing
- cramping
- time of pain
- physical evidence of pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- fainting
- dizziness
- Clenched fists
- rigid faces
- increased BP
- facial expressions
- heart attack
- ischemia in heart
- / 4
What are signs of pain in infants? - ANSWER - tachycardia
What is referred pain? - ANSWER pain that may be perceived at a site distant from source What is referred pain commonly associated with? - ANSWER - Visceral damage in abdominal organs