Final Exam: NUR631 NUR 631 Latest Update Advanced Physiology and

Final Exam: NUR631 / NUR 631 (Latest 2025

/ 2026 Update) Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Exam | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - GCU DNA formation occurs in which of the cell's structures?

• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• organelle
• membrane - ANSWER - a. nucleus

A health professions student asks the professor to explain apoptosis. What response is most accurate?

• programmed cell death
• due to chemical injury
• unpredictable patterns of cell death
• results in benign malignancies - ANSWER - a. programmed cell death

Where is most of the cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA contained?

• mitochondria 1 / 4

• ribosome
• nucleolus
• lysosome - ANSWER - c. nucleolus

A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best?

• competes with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted
• binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen
• destroys the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen
• removes iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen - ANSWER - b. binds to

hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen A patient's blood gases reveal the following finding: pH 7.3, bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2) 58 mmHg. What is the interpretation of these gases?

• respiratory alkalosis
• metabolic acidosis
• respiratory acidosis
• metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER - c. respiratory acidosis

Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of what?

• osmotic forces 2 / 4

• plasma oncotic pressure
• antidiuretic hormone
• hydrostatic forces - ANSWER - a. osmotic forces

What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause?

• retained sodium to bind with the chloride
• hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium
• retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance
• hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER - c. retention of

bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is present?

• cytochrome P-450
• alpha fetoprotein
• DNA polymerase
• embryonic proteins - ANSWER - b. alpha fetoprotein

A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?

• widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair
• an IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears
• high-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90 3 / 4

• circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, mental slowness - ANSWER - b.

an IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because of which of these major characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

• partial insulin secretion
• an autoimmune cause factor
• insulin resistance
• obesity is a common risk factor - ANSWER - b. an autoimmune cause factor

What genes are responsible for the maintenance of all cells referred to as?

• universal
• managerial
• housekeeping
• executive - ANSWER - c. housekeeping

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

• circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues
• complement and chemotaxis are deficient
• underlying chronic illness(es) exist
• number of mast cells is insufficient - ANSWER - c. underlying chronic illness(es) exist
• / 4