NUR 2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Final Exam Study Guide Ischemia (ANS- inadequate supply of blood flow to the tissue or organ; thus, resulting in a limited nutrient & oxygen supply will ischemia cause cells to grow or shrink?(ANS- it will cause cells to shrink because they do not get enough nutrients/oxygen for normal cell function cells that undergo ischemia have an increased/decreased workload (ANS- decreased how often does ischemia lead to necrosis?(ANS- about 95% of the time atropy (ANS- decreased workload of the cells causes the cells to shrink example of atrophy (ANS- someone who has a broken arm would have their arm in a cast & would not be able to exercise (use) those muscles, therefore, the cells in those muscles would shrink Hypertrophy (ANS- increased workload of the cells causes the cells to increase in size; the cells are being overworked, we are demanding their use example of positive hypertrophy (ANS- body builder continuously working cells to build up body mass example of negative hypertrophy (ANS- the heart is overworked because of high blood pressure 1 / 2
Hyperplasia (ANS- increase in the number of cells hyperplasia only occurs in what types of cells?(ANS- epithelial cells example of hyperplasia (ANS- a wound healing or during menstruation Metaplasia (ANS-
- conversion of one cell type to another
- often caused when there is chronic irritation
- all the cells have a different size, shape, & appearance
- often considered to be pre-cancerous cells
- very common in the respiratory tract & reproductive system
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example of metaplasia (ANS- someone who is a chronic smoker will experience the cells in their respiratory tract beginning to change chronic irritation (ANS- afflictive health conditions have been present for a while Dysplasia (ANS- - disorderly growth in cells
cell injury is often the result of what?(ANS- when cells don't adapt most diseases start with what?(ANS- cell injury if caught early enough, most cell injuries can be _____ (ANS- reversed what do resistance & tolerance influence?(ANS- the ability of the cell to survive causes of cell injury