FRESENIUS PCT EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is crenation? - ANSWER- Shriveling of red blood cells. Caused by too HIGH concentration of sodium in dialysate.
For post treatment lab work, what must the BFR be turned down to and how long?
- ANSWER- BFR=100 for 15 seconds.
What lab is evaluated to determine adequacy of treatment? - ANSWER- BUN levels.
What happens when conductivity is high? - ANSWER- Blood cells will Crenate.
What is Hemolhysis? - ANSWER- Repture of red blood cells.
What is convection? - ANSWER- transfer of heat and solutes in a liquid.
What does Convection do in Dialysis? - ANSWER- Solutes move across the dialyzer membrane with the movement or "drag" of water.
***more water removed - more solutes are removed***
What is Hemolysis caused by? - ANSWER- HYPOtonic solutions, High temps, Chemical exposure, Kinks in blood line
Why do paitents become Hypoglycemic? - ANSWER- Blood sugars are removed during treatment.
What are some signs/symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - ANSWER- Faintness, double vision, hunger, irritability
What is HIGH FLUX? - ANSWER- When membrane has a larger pore than conventional.
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What are anatomical structures of the urinary system in order to urine to flow? - ANSWER- 2 Kidneys -> 2 Ureters -> Bladder -> Urethra
What is a Solution? - ANSWER- A mixture of solute and solvent
What is a Solvent? - ANSWER- Fluid that dissolves solute
What is a Solute? - ANSWER- Substance that can be dissolved.
What is Concentration? - ANSWER- How much of a solute is fully dissolved in a solution.
What happens when dialysate flow is turned off during treatment? - ANSWER- Patient's blood is not cleaned and adequacy will decrease.
What do you do when the Venous Chamber is clotting during treatment? - ANSWER- Venous blood lines need to be changed out.
From what compartment is fluid removed? - ANSWER- Intravascular Space
What is Adequacy of Dialysis? - ANSWER- measure of how well we are cleaning waste from our patient's blood.
What should the KECN number be during treatment? - ANSWER- # should be less than BFR.
NORMAL=100-300
POOR CLEARANCE= LESS THAN 150
***it is impossible to remove waste faster than blood pump speed*
What is conductivity? - ANSWER- The measure if solution is: Hypotonic,
Hypertonic, or Isotonic
What is bradycardia? - ANSWER- Abnormally slow heart rate
How many milliliters of saline do you need at all times? - ANSWER- No less than 300ml
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What happens if Potassium leaks out in the blood? - ANSWER- Patient could go into Cardiac Arrest
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - ANSWER- usually within 30 minutes.
What is a Graft? - ANSWER- device in arm with and an Artery and Vein are put together.
What is a Solution in the body? - ANSWER- Blood
When does Dialysis take place? - ANSWER- When Homeostasis is done and Equilibrium is reached.
List all components that make up Dialysate. - ANSWER- Water-Acid-Bicarb
What is the universal solvent? - ANSWER- Water
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER- Constant balance of H2o and chemicals.
What is equalibrium? - ANSWER- Same level of H2o and Solutes- in all the fluid spaces- ALL the time
What does TMP stand for? - ANSWER- Transmembrane pressure
What does TMP do? - ANSWER- Measurement of pressure across the dialyzer membrane.
What does ECC stand for? - ANSWER- Extracopporeal Circuit
What does the ECC do? - ANSWER- The circuit is an extension of the patient's blood OUTSIDE the body.
What is Filtration? - ANSWER- Process of trapping particles by passing a fluid through a filter.
What is Ultrafiltration? - ANSWER- Traps even smaller particles.
What is the pH range? - ANSWER- 6.9 - 7.6
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