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FRESENIUS PCT EXAM AND PRACTICE TEST
NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 250
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
FRESENIUS PCT EXAM
- things to teach pt to prevent access from clotting - ANSWER-
- avoid tight fitting clothing or jewelry on access arm
- avoid sleeping on access arm
- avoid lab draws or blood pressure checks in access arm
- avoid carrying heavy objects in access arm
- personal hygine and importance of keeping access clean to
prevent infection
what is emla cream - ANSWER-Lidocaine 2.5% and Prilocaine 2.5%. anesthetic cram used to numb area for cannulation. is applied at home at least an hour before tx
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Needle safety devices must: - ANSWER-be engaged while
removing needle from access
what evaluation is performed on the vascular access pretreatment - ANSWER-look- color, clean incisions, dry and intact, no sx of infection, prior cannulation sites healing listen= audible whoosh heard same throughout access. low pitched and louder on arterial side feel= feel for a thrill (vibration or buzz throughout length of access), pulse, and consistent temp
when admitting anew pt what is performed before taking a blood pressure reading? - ANSWER-both arms are xamined to evaluate for the prsence of a vascular access
in what direction are fistula needles placed? - ANSWER-venous always go with flow of blood, arterial can be in either direction
what is needle flipping? - ANSWER-prior to back eyes, needles were flipped to prevent needle from lodging against side of vessel. flipping has been found to damage intimal lining of vessel and is no longer recommended
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from what compartment is fluid removed? - ANSWER-fluid wastes and electrolytes are evenly distributed between intravascular, interstitial, and intercellular spaces. during dialysis, fluid is only removed from intravascular space. as wastes/electrolytes are pulled from intravascular space, these move from interstitial space into the intravascular space to promote homeostasis. if uf rate is higher than pt's ability to refill intravascular space, then pt becomes intravascularly dehydrated and will experience complications
needle gauge size and corresponding bfr - ANSWER-<300= 17
300-350=16
>350-450=15 >450=14
access flow goals - ANSWER-fistula: >400
graft: >600
what is adequacy of dialysis? - ANSWER-Measurement of how well we are cleaning waste from the patients blood
what can negatively impact adequacy? - ANSWER-inadequate heparin, access recirculation, shortened tx time, air in dialyzer, 3 / 4
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improper priming, lower than ordered bfr, incorrect dialyzer size, lower than ordered dialysate flow rate
how can we measure how well we clean our pt's blood - ANSWER-blood urea nitrogen levels is measured to calculate the adequacy of a tx. by measuring the amount of wastes in the pt's blood before and after dialysis, the clearance can be calculated.
what four items impact clearance (adequacy of tx) - ANSWER- tx time, bfr, dfr, dialyzer size (surface area). dialyzer size has most impact on dialyzer clearance
how is clearance best described? - ANSWER-amount of urea cleared from blood in milliliters per minute. this is a measurement of dialyzer effectiveness
what is the difference between spkkt/v and ekt/v and how is it
determined? - ANSWER-spkt/v: single pool is the amount of
dialysis having been delivered upon completion of the hemodialysis treatment. single pool is urea reduction from one pool of fluid (the vascular space). minimum of 1.4 L is required, determination is n/a
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