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FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM REVIEW NEWEST
2025 ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE 100 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is dialysate? - ANSWER - Dialysate is a non-sterile solution and its function is to remove waste products from the blood and balance electrolytes
Dialysate is composed of - ANSWER - treated water, acid solution, and bicarbonate solution
What electrolytes are found in the dialysate? - ANSWER - sodium (Na+) potassium (K+) calcium (Ca++) magnesium (Mg++) chloride (Cl-)
What is conductivity? - ANSWER - Conductivity is the ability of a solution to transmit or "conduct" an electrical current
Name four ways dialysate is checked to ensure that it is safe? - ANSWER - pH, conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative residual chlorine (bleach) after routine (weekly) machine disinfection and before the first treatment after the disinfection
What is Sodium Variation? - ANSWER - also called sodium modeling is a physician-ordered intervention to help prevent hypotension during dialysis treatment. There are three preprogrammed "profiles" that can be ordered by the physician based on several different comorbidities 1 / 3
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pg. 2 Why is dextrose added to the dialysate? - ANSWER - Dextrose, a form of glucose, is added to prevent hypoglycemia.
What is TMP? - ANSWER - Transmembrane pressure is the pressure difference across the dialyzer membrane. It reflects the total pressure across the membrane used to achieve the desired fluid loss
How can you tell if a dialyzer is clotting? - ANSWER - Indications of a clotting dialyzer are a rising TMP, rising venous pressure, dark blood in the dialyzer, and air detector alarms. A venous line that is clotting will show an increase in venous pressure.
How is dialysis delivered? - ANSWER - The Hemodialysis Machine is the Delivery System. The machine has two sub-systems.• Blood delivery system circulates the patient's blood • Dialysate delivery Mixes & circulates dialysate
What is Heparin and why is it used in hemodialysis? - ANSWER - Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents clotting
After the Heparin has been given, how long must you wait before initiating the treatment? - ANSWER - 3 - 5-minute
What is OLC? - On Line Clearance? - ANSWER - OLC measures the removal of waste from the bloodstream during a single dialysis treatment by measuring the rate of sodium removal. 2 / 3
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pg. 3 What is the "mean KECN"? - ANSWER - This is the average of all tests performed during On-Line Clearance
How many KECN tests can be programmed into OLC? - ANSWER - Between 3-6 tests can be programmed. If a treatment is 3-4 hours in length, 6 tests should be programmed.
What does a steady decline in KECN test results signify? - ANSWER - There may be a need for more heparin. If the heparin dose is not adequate, the fibers of the dialyzer may be clotting off causing decrease in clearance
What is Kt/V? - ANSWER - It is a measurement of how well we are cleaning wastes from our patients' blood
What's anemia? - ANSWER - lack of RBC's
What is crenation and what causes it to occur? - ANSWER - Crenation is the shriveling of red blood cells caused by too high of a concentration of sodium in the dialysate (hypertonic dialysate).
What causes muscle cramps during dialysis? - ANSWER - Large amounts of fluid removal Rapid sodium and / potassium changes in the muscle fibers Vasoconstriction/Cramping may occur at any time during treatment; most frequently observed mid to late in the treatment.Cramping can occur in any muscle and is most frequently found in the extremities
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