NUR 304 Ch 2
- Organs
Answer fully differentiated body parts with specialized functions
- Tissues
Answer groups of different cell types that combine to form a specific function
- Cells
Answer basic units that make up tissues
- Plasma Membrane
Answer protects the cell by creating a barrier that separates intracellular components from extracellular environment surrounding it
- Bilayer
- interconnected layers
Answer
- Lipid Bilayers
Answer mainly made up of phospholipids; arrangement of plasma mem- brane
- Phospholipids
Answer phosphate [PO4-] bound to lipid; phosphate is the "head", lipid is the "tail" 1 / 3
- Polar (hydrophilic)
Answer having attraction to water; heads of lipid bilayer
- Nonpolar (hydrophobic)
Answer lacking an attraction to water; tails of lipid bilayer
- Glycolipids
Answer carbohydrate bound to lipid; present in smaller amounts than phospholipids in bilayer
- Transmembrane Proteins
Answer Proteins that pass through the membrane; allow communication and transport between extracellular and intracellular environments
- Integral Proteins
Answer specific type of transmembrane protein that becomes part of the membrane; binds to lipid tails; often form channel proteins
- Channel Proteins
Answer allow for the transport of ions across the plasma membrane
- Ion
Answer atom with an electrical charge
- Cytoplasm 2 / 3
Answer colloidal substance surrounding the cell nucleus composed of wa- ter, proteins, fats, electrolytes, glycogen, and pigments
- Organelles
Answer structures within a cell that perform a distinct function
- Smooth ER
Answer synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones; reg. of intracellular Ca
- Rough ER
Answer synthesis of proteins via bound ribosomes; production of lysosomal enzymes (acid hydrolases)
- Golgi Apparatus
Answer membranous structure; prepares substances produced by ER for secretion out of cell
- Peroxisomes
Answer membrane-enclosed sacs smaller than lysosomes; contain en- zymes called oxidases that neutralize oxygen free radicals; promote survival by neutralizing harmful substances
- Oxygen Free Radicals
Answer atoms carrying an unpaired electron and no charge
- Lysosome
- / 3
Answer small membranous sacs; digest cellular debris with hydrolytic enzymes; metabolism of