NR 565 / NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals MIDTERM | ATEST, Q & A | Chamberlain College 1.Diazepam, Midazolam, Zolazepam Potentiates the inhibitory action of GABA. Activation of the receptor causes an influx of Cl- ion movement into the neuron and hyperpolarization and inhibition of membrane depolarization addicting THE ANSWERBenzodiazepine hypnotics 2.Inhibits IP3 second messenger cascade, mood stabilizer for bipolar therapeutic range 0.6 to 1.5 causes congenital malformations THE ANSWERLithium 3.Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in: spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy sedative effect, serotonin syndrome possible, do not take with MAO inhibitors cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, baclofen, carisoprodol, chloraxazone THE ANSWERCentrally acting muscle relaxants 4.Look at other potential issues causing depression, start on SSRI, refer to a mental health therapist If that doesn't work, switch to another SSRI, NDRI or SNRI OR add NDRI or 5HT1A to current treatment If that doesn't work refer to a psychiatric provider THE ANSWERSTAR*D Effectiveness Algorithm for Treatment of Depression 5.The most common group of antianxiety drugs, increases GABA and decreases neuronal excitation do not mix with cns depressive agents Valium, xanax, Ativan THE ANSWERBenzodiazepines 6.A study conducted after a drug has been shown to work and has been granted a license (post- marketing surveillance study) THE ANSWERPhase IV 7.Monitor bp/hr so it's not too low report difficulty breathing or wheezing THE ANSWERBeta Blocker teaching points 1 / 2
8.The study drug or treatment is given to large groups of people (1,000-3,000) to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely THE ANSWERPhase III 9.Inhibit and stabilize electrical discharges in the brain by effecting sodium ions influx during depolarization and repolarization, slows down abnormal discharges Treat tonic-clonic and partial complex seizures, least sedating option Metabolized in liver, decreases bc effectiveness phenytoin (Dilantin), ethotoin (Peganone), fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) THE ANSWERHydantoins 10.Not always necessary to have a prescription Loperamide, diphenoxylate and cough medicine with less than 200mg/100 ml pregabalin THE ANSWERSchedule V 11.Blocks GABA uptake, treats seizures, mania, bipolar, manic depressive
SE: alopecia, drosiness, heartburn
Valproic acid or V P A, Depakote, Depakene THE ANSWERValproates 12.Zolpidem, Zaleplon, exZopiclone. "ALL ZZZs put you to sleep."
MOA: act via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor. Effects reversed by flumazemnil
Use: insomnia
SE: ataxia, headaches, confusion. Short duration. Decreased depdence risnk like bneozs and only modest daf-after pscyhomoter depression THE ANSWERNonbenzodiazepine hypnotics 13.Block the reuptake of NE and 5HT, treats depression, one kind treats fibrmyalgia
SE: increased bp, insomnia
do not stop suddenly effexor, cymbalta, Pristiq THE ANSWERSerotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) 14.prevent or control seizures clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapentin THE ANSWERAnticonvulsants 15.Initial clinical safety studies in humans. May be as few as 10 subjects, often healthy volunteers THE ANSWERPhase I 16.Research of drug potential, animal testing, preparation for human testing THE ANSWERPreclinical research
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