Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2:
Questions & Answers
What are body mechanics?(Ans- Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems Maintain balance, posture, and body alignment
Mandatory for Lifting, bending, and moving Performing activities of daily living
Four characteristics of Body Mechanics (Ans- Body Alignment Body Balance Coordinated Body Movement Friction
What is Good Nursing Body Alignment (Ans- Relationship of one body part to another
- don't twist
Correct body alignment reduces strain on musculoskeletal structures, maintains muscle tone, and contributes to balance.
What is Good Nursing Body Balance (Ans- Achieved by a low center of gravity Enhanced by a wide base of support
What is Good Nursing Coordinated Body Movement (Ans- Must overcome an object's weight and be aware of its center of gravity.
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- can be determined by having a person stand and just look to see if a
person is wobbly
What is Friction in Nursing Body Mechanics?(Ans- The force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement. The greater the surface area of the object that is moved, the greater the friction.
Effect of rubbing or resistance when a moving body meets a surface when turning
Physiology & Regulation of Movement skeletal system (Ans- Provides attachments for muscles and ligaments and the leverage
necessary for movement:
Bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
Physiology & Regulation of Movement skeletal muscle (Ans- Movement of bone and joints involves active processes that are carefully integrated to achieve coordination.
Due to ability to contract and relax are the working elements of movement.
Movement Posture Groups Synergistic - A synergist muscle is a muscle which works in concert with another muscle to generate movement. These muscles can work with the so-called agonists or prime movers which surround a joint, or the antagonistic muscles, which move in the opposite direction Antigravity - postural movement
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Physiology & Regulation of Movement nervous system (Ans- Regulates movement and posture, proprioception and balance with the precentral gyrus (motor strip) in the cerebral cortex.
Pathological influences on body alignment, exercise, & activity (Ans Congenital Defects
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Scoliosis
Disorders of Bones, Joints, & Muscles
- Osteoporosis
- Inflammatory & noniflamm joint disease
CNS Damage
- damage to any component that regulates voluntary movements
Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Bruises/Contusions
- Sprains
- Fractures
Describe some of the body changes throughout the life span:
(Ans- Newborn
- spine is flexed, lacks curves that adult has
Toddler
- swayed back, less coordination, budda belly
- yrs
Continue to develop & grow and gain fine motor skills 3 / 4
Aging
- muscle-skeletal changes occur
- peripheral arterial disease
- interferes with blood supply to lower extremities due to intermittent
claudication
(claudication = limping, relieved by a short period of rest)
How are body alignment and mobility assessed?(Ans-
Body alignment:
Standing Sitting Recumbent
Mobility:
Range of motion Gait Exercise Activity tolerance
Potential Nursing Diagnosis for a patient that is immobile:
(Ans- Activity intolerance Risk for activity intolerance Disturbed body image Impaired physical mobility Acute pain Chronic pain Impaired skin integrity Risk for impaired skin integrity
Nursing process: Planning for a patient that is immobile
(Ans- Goals and outcomes
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