Fundamentals of Nursing Exam Study Guide
pulse is regulated by what?(Ans- autonomic nervous system through cardiac sinoatrial node
parasympathetic stimulation on pulse (Ans- decreases heart rate
sympathetic stimulation on pulse (Ans- increases heart rate
pulse rate (Ans- the number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute
places you can record a pulse (Ans- temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
pulmonary ventilation (Ans- movement of air in and out of lungs
diffusion (Ans- exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of lungs and circulating blood
Perfusion (Ans- exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and tissue cells
eupnea (Ans- normal, unlabored breathing, one respiration to four heartbeats
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tachypnea (Ans- increased respiratory rate; may occur in response to increased metabolic rate
Bradypnea (Ans- decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic conditions
Apnea (Ans- periods when no breathing occurs
Dyspnea (Ans- difficult or labored breathing
orthopnea (Ans- changes in breathing when sitting or standing
assessing blood pressure (Ans- -listening for Korotkoff sounds w/ stethoscope -first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
major classifications of hypertension (Ans-
-primary (essential): characterized by an increase above normal in both
systolic and diastolic pressures
-secondary : caused by another disease condition like kidney disease,
aorta disorders, or adrenal cortex disorders
Diuretics (Ans- used to increase urinary output
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beta-adrenergic blockers (Ans- to block sympathetic stimulation and decrease cardiac output
vasodilators and calcium channel blockers (Ans- to relax smooth muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
ACE inhibitors (Ans- to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production
RACE (Ans-
R: rescue anyone in immediate danger
A: activate the fire code and notify appropriate person
C: confine the fire by closing doors and windows
E: evacuate patients and other people to a safe area
jaundice causes (Ans- yellowish, itchy skin; bilirubin problem and liver not functioning properly
Eczema (Ans- red, itchy inflammation of the skin; usually develops in early childhood, more common in people w/ family history; treatment involves avoiding soap and other irritants and applying creams or ointments if prescribed
psoriasis (Ans- common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, cells build up rapidly on surface of skin and extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful; chronic, comes and goes
wound (Ans- a break or disruption in the normal integrity of the skin and tissues
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