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GALEN NUR 242 EXAM 4 –
CARDIOVASCULAR WITH
QUESTION AND VERIFIE D
ANSWERS
Question 1: What is the equation for cardiac output?
CORRECT ANSWER: CO = HR x SV (Cardiac Output
= Heart Rate x Stroke Volume)
Question 2: What is preload?
CORRECT ANSWER: The heart is being stretched out.
Question 3: What does preload reflect?
CORRECT ANSWER: How much fluid is in the heart.
Question 4: What is afterload?
CORRECT ANSWER: Resistance the ventricle must
overcome to eject blood.
Question 5: What is an example of increased preload?
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CORRECT ANSWER: CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
Question 6: What is an example of increased afterload?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hypertension
Question 7: What is blood pressure?
CORRECT ANSWER: Force of blood against vessel
walls.
Question 8: What is systolic blood pressure?
CORRECT ANSWER: Amount of pressure generated
by the left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each contraction of the heart.
Question 9: What is diastolic blood pressure?
CORRECT ANSWER: Amount of pressure against the
arterial walls during relaxation of the heart.
Question 10: What is the equation for MAP (Mean
Arterial Pressure)?
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CORRECT ANSWER: 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
Question 11: What is the minimum MAP to maintain
adequate perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER: No less than 60 mmHg.
Question 12: What is another name for orthostatic
changes?
CORRECT ANSWER: Postural hypotension
Question 13: What defines an orthostatic change?
CORRECT ANSWER: A decrease of more than 20
mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure with an increase in heart rate.
Question 14: How do you measure orthostatic changes?
CORRECT ANSWER: Check blood pressure in the
following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after
sitting for 1 minute, and standing. Keep cuff in the same place.
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Question 15: What precautions are important for a patient
experiencing orthostatic changes?
CORRECT ANSWER: Fall precautions.
Question 16: Who is at risk for orthostatic changes?
CORRECT ANSWER: Prolonged bed rest, medications,
dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders.
Question 17: What does a cardiovascular assessment
include?
CORRECT ANSWER: General appearance, skin,
weight, edema, extremities, blood pressure.
Question 18: What are markers of myocardial damage?
CORRECT ANSWER: Troponin, creatinine kinase,
CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids, homocysteine levels.