GCU BIO-322 Exam 1 Latest Update 2025-2026 Exam 175 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
5 types of necrosis (autolysis) - CORRECT ANSWER: -Coagulative
-Liquefactive -Caseous -Fat -Gangrenous
Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER: H+ binds to proteins with fewer sites for calcium
Increased calcium blocks sodium channels in nerves and muscles causing muscle weakness
Acidosis and cardiac contractility - CORRECT ANSWER: decreases
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER: requires ATP
move molecules too large to diffuse
Acute disease - CORRECT ANSWER: Appears quickly
ADH increased causes - CORRECT ANSWER: Increased distal tubule permeability,
increased reabsorption of water into blood, decreased urine output
ADH suppressed - CORRECT ANSWER: Distal tubules become less permeable to
water; decrease reabsorption of water; Increase urine output 1 / 3
Aldosterone function - CORRECT ANSWER: Increases resorption of sodium from DCT,
leading to increased water retention and plasma volume (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
Alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER: Increased neuromuscular activity
positive symptoms
Alkalosis and cardiac contractility - CORRECT ANSWER: increases up tp pH 7.7
Anemic Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER: Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is
reduced due to -anemia -carbon monoxide poisoning
Anion Gap equation - CORRECT ANSWER: Na - (Cl + HCO3)
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER: Inhibit ROS production or neutralize ROS
-enzymes, vitamins
Antisense Oligonucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER: a modified strand of RNA or DNA
that binds with a specific molecule of messenger RNA and prevents it from producing its particular protein
Used in Cancer treatment
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER: programmed cell death
highly selective 2 / 3
Ascites - CORRECT ANSWER: accumulation of protein-containing fluid in the peritoneal space
Portal HTN
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER: Decreased cell size
Autosomal dominant - CORRECT ANSWER: only needs one copy of mutated gene
present
Autosomal recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER: Requires defect of both gene
copies
(if both parents are carriers- child has 25% chance)
Brain survival time of no oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER: less than 3 minutes
Caseous necrosis (cheese like) - CORRECT ANSWER: Tb; combo of coagulative and
liquefactive
-cells disintegrate/denature but debris is walled off
Causes of edema - CORRECT ANSWER: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- / 3