GMS 6402 MEDICAL PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
2024 Within peripheral chemoreceptors, the response to a drop in PaO2 is greater when __? - ANSWER✔✔Arterial PaCO2 is above normal The central chemoreceptor becomes __ to CO2 under anesthesia? - ANSWER✔✔desensitized When we arrive at high altitude, we begin to hyperventilate. This is due to __? - ANSWER✔✔decreased PaO2 With respect to anemia, all of the following are true - ANSWER✔✔decreased hemoglobin concentration
hemoglobin is 98% saturated when PaO2 is 100 mmHg
decreased oxygen content per dL blood
treated via blood transfusion Epiglottis function - ANSWER✔✔prevent movement of air into lungs
- covers trachea and cords when chewing and swallowing
Fissures function - ANSWER✔✔give rise of lung lobes Cardiac notch - ANSWER✔✔anatomical hallmark that indicates the position of the left ventricle Conducting airways - ANSWER✔✔surrounded by thick layers of cartilage or smooth muscle; function to clean, warm and humidify the air The alveoli are surrounded by what? - ANSWER✔✔Type II and Type II epithelia As you go towards Z23, the density of alveoli __? - ANSWER✔✔increases greatly The majority of the lung surface area is in the __? - ANSWER✔✔Alveolar airways Tissues surrounding the conducting and respiratory airways are very ___? - ANSWER✔✔different As we move towards the alveolar airways, its important to shed the __? - ANSWER✔✔connective tissue Segmental Bronchi (Z4-Z7) - ANSWER✔✔Plates of cartilage give way to smooth muscle; smooth muscle can constrict very forcibly Terminal Bronchioles (Z16) - ANSWER✔✔No cartilage and significantly less smooth muscle; NO gas exchange here 1 / 2
Respiratory Bronchioles (Z17) - ANSWER✔✔Appearance of alveoli; no cartilage and no smooth muscle; single layer of type I and type II alveolar epithelia cells Type II cells make ___? - ANSWER✔✔Surfactant Alveoli are surrounded by __? - ANSWER✔✔Fine elastic fibers; stretched out when we breathe in Alveolar macrophages keep alveolar surfaces __? - ANSWER✔✔Sterile Path of Oxygen Diffusion - ANSWER✔✔1. Alveolar fluid
- Alveolar epithelium
- Epithelial basement membrane
- Interstitial space
- Capillary basement membrane
- Capillary endothelial cell membrane
- Blood
- Red cell membrane
- / 2
Although CO2 and O2 are roughly the same size, CO2 diffuses: - ANSWER✔✔5x more rapidly because of greater solubility Air moves into the what? - ANSWER✔✔Trachea; not esophagus Pulmonary airways are composed of __ and __? - ANSWER✔✔Conducting and alveolar airways Breathing in requires - ANSWER✔✔work Breathing out is - ANSWER✔✔passive Main muscle of inspiration is the __? - ANSWER✔✔diaphragm Tidal volume expiration is __? - ANSWER✔✔passive Secondary expiratory muscles include __ and __? - ANSWER✔✔internal intercostals and abdominal muscle Secondary inspiratory muscles include __ and ___? - ANSWER✔✔external intercostals and sterno- cleidomastoids Diaphragm - ANSWER✔✔main force generator for ventilation Diaphragm movement during inspiration and expiration - ANSWER✔✔inspiration = moves down expiration = moves up