HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide (2022/2023) Rated A+
A Tissue is ✔✔Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
- tissues of the human body ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
epithelial cells ✔✔skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
connective tissue ✔✔provides support for your body and connects all its parts
circulatory system function ✔✔to transport blood to all parts of the body like gases, nutrients, and waste
circulatory system includes ✔✔heart, blood vessels, blood
pulmonary loop ✔✔carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium 1 / 3
systemic loop ✔✔carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
Blood travels through the heart ✔✔body, superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, B/L pulmonary arteries, lungs, (oxygenated now) pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valves, ascending aorta, systemic circulation
pericardial cavity ✔✔contains the heart, filled with serous fluid made by pericardium (lining of pericardial cavity)
- layers of the heart ✔✔epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
epicardium ✔✔outermost layer of the heart, connective tissue
Myocardium ✔✔muscular, middle layer of the heart. Performs pumping function, made of cardiac muscular tissue
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endocardium ✔✔Inner layer of the heart, smooth, keeps blood from sticking
- chambers of the heart ✔✔right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
atrium ✔✔Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart
Ventricles ✔✔the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.
atrioventricular valves ✔✔valves between the atria and ventricles
semilunar valves ✔✔pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta
sinoatrial node ✔✔pacemaker of the heart
atrioventricular node ✔✔picks up signals from SA node, tells ventricles to contract
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