HESI Med Surg 1 Final Exam Questions and

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HESI Med Surg 1 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2023 (Verified Answers)

• A client with a productive cough has obtained a sputum specimen for

culture as instructed. What is the best initial nursing action?

• Administer the first dose of antibiotic therapy
• Observe the color, consistency, and amount of sputum
• Encourage the client to consume plenty of warm liquids
• Send the specimen to the lab for analysis ANS B. Observe the color,

consistency, and amount of sputum

• A client is brought to the ED by ambulance in cardiac arrest with car-

diopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in progress. The client is intubated and is receiving 100% oxygen per self-inflating (ambu) bag. The nurse determines that the client is cyanotic, cold, and diaphoretic. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?

• Breath sounds over bilateral lung fields.
• Carotid pulsation during compressions
• Deep tendon reflexes
• Core body temperature ANS A. Breath sounds over bilateral lung fields. 1 / 4

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• After a hospitalization for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

(SIADH), a client develops pontine myselinolysis. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

• Reorient client to his room
• Place a patch on one eye
• Evaluate client's ability to swallow
• Perform range of motion exercises ANS A. Reorient client to his room

• A male client with heart failure (HF) calls the clinic and reports that he can-

not put his shoes on because they are too tight. Which additional information should the nurse obtain?

• What time did he take his last medications?
• Has his weight changed in the last several days?
• Is he still able to tighten his belt buckle?
• How many hours did he sleep last night? ANS B. Has his weight changed

in the last several days?

• An older adult woman with a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease (COPD) is admitted with progressive shortness of breath and a per- sistent cough. She is anxious and is complaining of a dry mouth. Which intervention should the nurse implement? 2 / 4

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• Administer a prescribed sedative
• Encourage client to drink water
• Apply a high-flow venturi mask
• Assist her to an upright position ANS D. Assist her to an upright position

• A client with a history of asthma and bronchitis arrives at the clinic with

shortness of breath, productive cough with thickened tenacious mucous, and the inability to walk up a flight of stairs without experiencing breathlessness.Which action is most important for the nurse to instruct the client about self-care?

• Increase the daily intake of oral fluids to liquefy secretions
• Avoid crowded enclosed areas to reduce pathogen exposure
• Call the clinic if undesirable side effects of mediations occur
• Teach anxiety reduction methods for feelings of suffocation ANS A.

Increase the daily intake of oral fluids to liquefy secretions

• A cardiac catherterization of a client with heart disease indicates the fol-

lowing blockages ANS 95% proximal left anterior descending (LAD), 99% proximal circumflex, and ? % proximal right coronary artery (RCA). The client later asks the nurse "what does all this mean for me?" What information should the nurse provide?

• Blood supply to the heart is diminished by artherosclerotic lesions, which

necessitate lifestyle changes. 3 / 4

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• Blood vessels supplying the pumping chamber have blockages indicating

a past heart attack.

• Three main arteries have major blockages, with only 1 to 5% of blood flow

getting through to the heart muscle.

• The heart is not receiving enough blood, so there is a risk of heart failure

and fluid retention. ANS C. Three main arteries have major blockages, with only 1 to 5% of blood flow getting through to the heart muscle.

• A client who weighs 175 pounds is receiving IV bolus dose of heparin 80

units/kg. The heparin is available in a 2 ml vial, labeled 10,000 units/ml. How many ml should the nurse administer? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.) ANS 0.6 ml

• What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client

diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

• Sleep without pillows at night to maintain neck alignment.
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