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HESI Med Surg III Review 1.increasing temperature has what effect on the body's metabolism?what can fever cause✔✔ increasing temp increases the body's demand for nutri- ents and oxygen...fever can cause dehydration r/t excessive fluid loss d/t diaphoresis 2.why is hydration important w/ PNA✔✔ thins out mucus trapped in bronchi- oles/alveoli--facilitates expectoration replacement of fluid lost by lungs through evaporation 3.early s/s of cerebral hypoxia✔✔ irritability and restlessness
4.preventing PNA: flu shot/pneumovax
vaccine avoid sick people, indoor pollutants, no smoking adequate nutrition/fluids if comatose--elevate HOB when before and after feeding, turn pt frequently 1 / 3
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5.As COPD worsens, what happens to a patient's O2/CO2 levels in their blood and what is the condition that results?is this more of a problem for emphysema or chronic bronchitis✔✔ as COPD worsens, hypoxemia and hypercapnia result--leading to respiratory acidosis emphysema leads more toward hypercapnia bc the alveoli are effected 6.what bed position facilitates productive cough✔✔ semi-fowler or high- fowler 7.Emphysema vs. Chronic Bronchitis: CB: airway problem (chronically in- flamed)---chronic sputum production, increased bronchial wall thickness--obstruc- tion of airflow, chronic hypoxemia, cor pulmonale (s/s RSHF) --->blue bloater, cyanosis, RSHF---JVD, crackles/expiratory wheezes Emphysema--alveoli problem--air trapping, compensatory hyperventilation--barrel chest -->pink puffer--pursed lip breathers, diminished breath sounds
8.tx for COPD: mucolytics
bronchodilators (SABA/LABA--theophylline, albuterol, ipratropium) anti-inflammatory drugs (fluticasone) 2 / 3
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tripod position, pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing low FIO2 to prevent CO2 retention monitor for s/s of fluid overload