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HESI Med Surg III REVIEW Questions and Answers 2023 (Verified Answers)
- increasing temperature has what effect on the body's metabolism?
what can fever cause?: increasing temp increases the body's demand for nutrients and oxygen...fever can cause dehydration r/t excessive fluid loss d/t diaphoresis
2. why is hydration important w/ PNA?: thins out mucus trapped in bronchi-
oles/alveoli--facilitates expectoration replacement of fluid lost by lungs through evaporation
3. early s/s of cerebral hypoxia?: irritability and restlessness
4. preventing PNA: flu shot/pneumovax vaccine
avoid sick people, indoor pollutants, no smoking adequate nutrition/fluids
if comatose--elevate HOB when before and after feeding, turn pt frequently
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- As COPD worsens, what happens to a patient's O2/CO2 levels in their blood
and what is the condition that results?
is this more of a problem for emphysema or chronic bronchitis?: as COPD
worsens, hypoxemia and hypercapnia result--leading to respiratory acidosis
emphysema leads more toward hypercapnia bc the alveoli are effected
6. what bed position facilitates productive cough?: semi-fowler or high-fowler
- Emphysema vs. Chronic Bronchitis: CB: airway problem (chronically in-
flamed)---chronic sputum production, increased bronchial wall thickness--obstruc- tion of airflow, chronic hypoxemia, cor pulmonale (s/s RSHF) --->blue bloater, cyanosis, RSHF---JVD, crackles/expiratory wheezes
Emphysema--alveoli problem--air trapping, compensatory hyperventilation--barrel chest -->pink puffer--pursed lip breathers, diminished breath sounds
8. tx for COPD: mucolytics
bronchodilators (SABA/LABA--theophylline, albuterol, ipratropium) anti-inflammatory drugs (fluticasone) tripod position, pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing
low FIO2 to prevent CO2 retention monitor for s/s of fluid overload
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