1 / 21
HESI Med Surg III Study Guide Questions and Answers 2023 (Verified Answers)
1. How much of our body weight consists of fluid?: 60%
2. What affects Body fluids?: age, percent of body fat, gender
3. Intracellular fluid: in the cell
4. Extracellular Fluid: out of the cell
5. What is Extracellular fluid made up of?: Intravascular
Interstitial Transcellula
- / 4
2 / 21
6. What are the active chemicals used in electrolyte basics?: Cations (+) and
Anions (-)
7. What are major Cations?: potassium
sodium calcium magnesium hydrogen
8. What are major Anions?: phosphate
chloride Bicarbonate
- When someone gets a lab test drawn to see their electrolyte status what is
it usually drawn on?a-ICF b- creatinine c- BUN
d- ECF: d- ECF 2 / 4
3 / 21
10. How do Solutes Move?: diffusion and active transport
11. what is diffusion?: solutes move from higher to lower concentration
- what is active transport?: solutes move from low to high concentrations with
assistance from something like the sodium-potassium pump (this requires energy)
13. How does fluid move?: Osmosis
Capillary filtration
14. How does Osmosis work?: movement of fluid from a lower solute concentra-
tion to an area of high solute concentration
15. How does Capillary Filtration work?: site of exchange is at capillaries
16. what is third spacing?: volume in capillary space goes into tissue
17. When would Capillary Filtration occur?: people with HTN, urinary retention,
liver failure, edema
18. Osmolarity: concentration of particle/solutes per LITER of solution
19. Osmolality: concentration of particles/solutes per KILOGRAM
- Tonicity: osmolality of a solution in relation to normal plasma 3 / 4
4 / 21
21. How is Fluid Balance Regulated?: Kidneys
Thirst Mechanism Anti-Diuretic Hormone Renin- Angiotensin Aldosterone System Natriuritc Peptide
22. How do Kidneys help with regulation?: filters 170 liters of plasma a day
excrete 1.5 liters of urine a day regulates ECF regulates electrolyte and acid-base balances excretes toxic waste products
23. How does the Thirst Mechanism work?: this is a sign of dehydration
24. Purpose of ADH: stops diuresis and urination
causes kidneys to retain volume and water urinary output decreased *reduce serum osmolality* *more volume less solute*
25. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System: -helps to urinate
-renin is released when there is a decrease renal perfusion -activated angiotensin 1 which is a vasoconstrictor
- / 4