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HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2025 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE 1200 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+|
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI FINAL EXAM PREP|
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What is the primary cause of chronic liver disease?
a) Autoimmune attack on hepatocytes
b) Chronic alcohol abuse
c) Viral infection of liver cells
d) Impaired blood supply to the liver - Correct Answer - c) viral infection of liver
cells
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is associated with the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
a) Chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa
b) Excessive production of gastric acid by parietal cells
c) Dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter
d) Impaired motility of the esophagus - Correct Answer - c) dysfunction of the
lower esophageal sphincter
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
a) Chronic inflammation and immune complex deposition in various tissues 1 / 4
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b) Degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system
c) Excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland
d) Impaired blood clotting due to deficiency of clotting factors - Correct Answer -
- chronic inflammation and immune complex deposition in various tissues
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is responsible for the development of rheumatic heart disease?
a) Chronic inflammation and scarring of heart valves
b) Excessive production of thyroid hormone
c) Autoimmune destruction of cardiac muscle cells
d) Impaired electrical conduction in the heart - Correct Answer - a) chronic
inflammation and scarring of heart valves
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying cystitis?
a) Obstruction of the urinary tract by kidney stones
b) Bacterial infection of the bladder wall
c) Chronic inflammation of the urethra
d) Impaired filtration by the glomeruli in the kidney - Correct Answer - b) bacterial
infection of the bladder wall
Which of the following pathophysiological changes is characteristic of anemia?
a) Excessive production of red blood cells by the bone marrow
b) Decreased hemoglobin concentration in the blood
c) Impaired coagulation of blood
d) Chronic inflammation of blood vessels - Correct Answer - b) decreased hgb
concentration in the blood
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pg. 3 What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis?
a) Autoimmune attack on joint tissues
b) Excessive production of uric acid crystals in the joints
c) Degeneration of articular cartilage due to mechanical stress
d) Impaired blood supply to the joints - Correct Answer - c) degeneration of
articular cartilage due to mechanical stress
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is primarily responsible for the development of atherosclerosis?
a) Chronic inflammation of the arterial walls
b) Excessive production of LDL cholesterol by the liver
c) Impaired contraction of smooth muscle cells in the arteries
d) Dysfunction of heart valves - Correct Answer - a) chronic inflammation of the
arterial walls
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying asthma exacerbations?
a) Chronic bronchoconstriction due to increased parasympathetic activity
b) Airway inflammation and bronchospasm triggered by allergens or irritants
c) Excessive production of mucus in the bronchial tree
d) Degeneration of alveolar walls leading to airflow limitation - Correct Answer -
- airway inflammation and bronchospasm triggered by allergens or irritants
Which of the following pathophysiological changes is characteristic of chronic gastritis?
a) Degeneration of gastric mucosa due to excessive acid production
b) Chronic inflammation and erosion of the gastric mucosa 3 / 4
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c) Impaired motility of the stomach leading to delayed emptying
d) Dysfunction of the pyloric sphincter causing gastric reflux - Correct Answer - b)
chronic inflammation and erosion of the gastric mucosa
What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke and other environmental pollutants
b) Autoimmune destruction of alveolar walls
c) Impaired surfactant production by type II alveolar cells
d) Chronic inflammation of the bronchial tree - Correct Answer - a) chronic
exposure to tobacco smoke and other environmental pollutants
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is associated with the development of diabetic neuropathy?
a) Chronic inflammation of peripheral nerves
b) Autoimmune attack on nerve cells in the spinal cord
c) Impaired blood supply to peripheral nerves
d) Hyperglycemia-induced nerve damage and dysfunction - Correct Answer - d)
hyperglycemia-induced nerve damage and dysfunction
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is responsible for the development of gout?
a) Excessive production of uric acid due to purine metabolism abnormalities
b) Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane in the joints
c) Autoimmune attack on joint tissues
d) Degeneration of articular cartilage - Correct Answer - a) excessive production of
uric acid due to purine metabolism abnormalities
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