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Hesi Pharmacology Final Exam Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
What is the priority nursing action before administering digoxin?✔✔Check the patient’s apical pulse for one full minute.
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?✔✔Flumazenil.
Which laboratory value must be closely monitored in a patient taking warfarin?✔✔INR (International Normalized Ratio).
Why should a patient avoid grapefruit juice when taking statins?✔✔It increases the risk of toxicity by inhibiting metabolism.
What common side effect should the nurse monitor for in a patient taking ACE inhibitors?✔✔Persistent dry cough.
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Which class of medication is typically prescribed for acute asthma attacks?✔✔Short-acting beta-2 agonists (like albuterol).
What should be assessed before giving morphine IV?✔✔Respiratory rate and depth.
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with furosemide?✔✔Hypokalemia.
What is the therapeutic serum range for phenytoin?✔✔10–20 mcg/mL.
Which vitamin decreases the effectiveness of warfarin?✔✔Vitamin K.
Why should tetracycline not be given to children under 8 years old?✔✔It causes permanent discoloration of teeth.
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What is the black box warning for fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin?✔✔Increased risk of tendon rupture.
What nursing instruction is important when giving nitroglycerin sublingual tablets?✔✔Place under the tongue and allow it to dissolve without swallowing.
Which adverse effect of aminoglycosides like gentamicin must be monitored closely?✔✔Ototoxicity.
What patient teaching is essential with levothyroxine therapy?✔✔Take it on an empty stomach in the morning.
What is the reversal agent for heparin overdose?✔✔Protamine sulfate.
Why is lithium toxicity a concern in patients with dehydration?✔✔Sodium and lithium compete for reabsorption, so low sodium increases lithium retention.
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What is the therapeutic serum range for lithium?✔✔0.6–1.2 mEq/L.
Which medication should not be taken with sildenafil (Viagra)?✔✔Nitrates.
Why is metformin typically withheld before IV contrast administration?✔✔Risk of lactic acidosis and kidney injury.
What is a common side effect of anticholinergic drugs like atropine?✔✔Dry mouth.
Which medication is commonly used to treat opioid withdrawal?✔✔Methadone.
What adverse reaction must be reported immediately with vancomycin infusion?✔✔Red man syndrome.
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