HESI PN PEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM

HESI PN PEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM

VERSION 4

Chapter 1: Family centered nursing care

• Parenting styles

-Dictatorial or authoritarian:

-Parents try to control the child’s behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations

-Ex: The child is never allowed to watch television on school nights

-Permissive:

-Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions

-Ex: The child assists with deciding whether he will watch television

-Democratic or authoritative:

-Parents direct the child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting -Ex: The child can watch television for 1 hr on school nights after completing all of his homework and chores -Parents negatively reinforce deviations form the rules

-Ex: The privilege is taken away but later reinstated based on new guidelines

Chapter 2: Physical assessment findings

• Vital signs

-Usually vital signs are all high except for BP 1 / 4

-Temperature:

-3 – 6 months 99.5 -1 year 99.9 -3 year 99.0 -5 years 98.6 -7 years 98.2 -9 – 11 years 98.1 -13 years 97.9

-Pulse:

-Newborn 80 – 180/min -1 weeks – 3 months 80 – 220/min -3 months – 2 years 70 – 150/min -2 – 10 years 60 – 110/min -10 years and older50 – 90/min

-Respirations:

-Newborn – 1year 30 – 35/min -1 – 2 years 25 – 30/min -2 – 6 years 21 – 25/min -6 – 12 years 19 – 21/min -12 years and older16 – 19/min

-Blood pressure:

-Low as a baby but increases the older they get

-Infants:

-Systolic: 65-78

-Diastolic: 41-52

• Head 2 / 4

-Fontanels should be flat

-Posterior fontanel:

-Closes by 6-8 weeks

-Anterior fontanel:

-Closes by 12-18 months

• Teeth

-Infants should have 6-8 teeth by 1 year old -Children and adolescents should have teeth that are white and smooth, and begin replacing the 20 deciduous teeth with 32 permanent teeth

• Infant Reflexes

Stepping Birth to 4 weeks Palmar Grasp Birth to 3 months Tonic Neck Reflex (Fencer Position) Birth to 3 – 4 months Sucking and Rooting Reflex Birth to 4 months Moro Reflex (Fall backward) Birth to 4 months Startle Reflex (Loud Noise) Birth to 4 months Plantar Reflex Birth to 8 months Babinski Reflex Birth to 1 year

Chapter 3: Health promotion of infants (2 days to 1 year)

• Physical Development

-Weight:

-Doubled by 5 months 3 / 4

-Tripled by 12 months -Quartered by 30 months

-Height:

-2.5 cm (1 in) per month for the first 6 months

-Length:

-Increases by 50% by 12 months

-Dentition:

-First teeth erupt between 6-10 months

• Motor skill development

 1 Month

• Head lag
• Strong grasp reflex

 2 Months

• Lifts head when prone
• Holds hand in open position | Grasp reflex fades

 3 Months

• Raises head and shoulders when prone | Slight head lag
• No grasp reflex | Keeps hands loosely open

 4 Months

• Rolls from back to side
• Grasp objects with both hands

 5 Months

• Rolls from front to back
• Palmar grasp dominantly

 6 Months

• Rolls from back to front
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