HESI RN COMMUNITY HEALTH PROCTORED EXAM

HESI RN COMMUNITY HEALTH PROCTORED EXAM

VERSION 11

Community Health nursing Theories:

 Nightingale’s Theory of Environment Health Belief Model

• Focus on impact of a person’s environment on their health.

Focus is on preventative care (washing hands, clean environment)  Health Belief Model

• Assumes a person’s primary motivation in taking positive

health actions is to avoid getting a disease

 Likelihood of taking action is based on:

• Modifying variables (age, gender, race, economy, education)
• Perceived severity and susceptibility of getting the disease
• Perceived benefits vs barriers of taking action
• Cues to action (advice of doctor, media campaigns)

Community based nursing vs. community oriented nursing:

The community or population us the “client” in community health nursing  Community based nursing- is focused on illness care (acute or chronic conditions) for individuals and families.

Examples: home health nurse doing would care,

school nurse administering epi-pen

 Community oriented nursing: is focused on improving collective

health of the community.

Examples: health education and promotion, disease

prevention activities. No illness care! Community oriented nursing = public health nursing Community Health nursing vs. public health nursing

 Community health nursing: delivers health care services to

individuals, families, and groups. Includes community based nursing (illness care for individuals and families) AND community oriented nursing (community focused care, with emphasis on education and disease prevention)

 Public health nursing: disease prevention and health promotion of

communities and populations. They are not providing direct care to individuals! Public health nursing = community oriented nursing.

• Ethical Principles in Community Health nursing 1 / 2

- Respect for autonomy: respect a patient’s right to self determination

- Nonmaleficence: do no harm

- Beneficence: do what is best (maximize benefits)

- Distributive justice: fail allocation of resources in community

Epidemiology

• Study of spread, transmission, and incidence of disease/ injury

Components:

- Agent: what is causing the disease (bacteria, toxin, noise)

- Host: human/ animal being affected by the disease

- Environment: physical environment (water/ food supply, geography),

social experiment (access to health care, work conditions, poverty) Incidence vs prevalence

Incidence: number of NEW cases of disease/ injury iin a population during a

specified period of time

Prevalence: Number of ALL cases (new and pre existing) of disease/ injury in a

population during a specified period of time

Community Health Education:

 Obstacles: age, culture, illiteracy, language barriers lack of access, lack of motivation

 Learning styles:

• Visual (videos, presentations)
• Auditory (verbal lectures, discussions)
• Tactile- kinesthetic (hands on, return demonstration)

 Healthy people 2020: Includes national health goals based on major risks

to health and wellness of U.S. population (ex. Diabetes, cancer, older adults, LGBT health).

Primary vs. Secondary vs. Tertiary prevention:

 Primary: prevents initial occurrence of disease

• Ex. Education, immunizations, prenatal classes

 Secondary: focuses on early detection of disease, limiting severity of

disease

• Ex. Screenings, disease surveillance, control of outbreaks

 Tertiary: Maximize recovery after an injury/ illness

• Ex. Rehabilitation, PT/OT, support groups

Acculturation, Ethnocentrism, Cultural Assessment, Interpreter

 Acculturation: adopting the traits of a different culture

 Ethnocentrism: the belief that ones own culture is superior to all others.

View world from their own cultural viewpoint.

 Cultural Assessment: ask about patient’s ethnic background, religious

preference, family structure, food patterns and health practices.Incorporate patient preferences into care whenever possible.

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